Christ the King College of Calbayog City, INC.

COLLEGE of TEACHER EDUCATION

Calbayog City

COMPETENCY APPRAISAL 1
GENERAL EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS in the Modern World
MS. DOLORES SUZETTE L. ASTORGA , LPT
 PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS
ADOREMUS
We adore You, O Lord Jesus Christ,
Here and in all your churches throughout
the World.
And we Bless You because by Your Holy
Cross
You have redeemed the world.
 TOPICS
 Arithmetic
 Operations with Integers, Fractions, Decimals
 Ratio and Proportion
 Rate, Base and Percentage
 Plane Geometry
 Basic Statistics
 Elementary Algebra
 Plane Coordinate Geometry
PRE TEST
 PRE-TEST
1. Which statement is true ?
is a rational number c. is a real number
is a positive number d. is an irrational number

2. What is the decimal form of 3.6 x 10-10 ?
a. 0.000000036  c. 0.00000000036
b. 0.0000000036 d. 0.000000000036
 PRE-TEST
3. The mass of the moon is about 73 000 000 000 000 000 000kg.
What is the scientific notation of this number?
a. 7.3 x 10-19 c. 73 x 10 -19
 b. 7.3 x 10 19
d. 73 x 10 19

4. What is the square root of 400?

a. 40 c. 8
 b. 20 d. 4
 PRE-TEST
5.What value of x will satisfy the equation 5x + 7 = 3x – 9?
a. x = 2 c. x = -2
 b. x = 8 d. x = -8

6. Solve -15 + (-20).

a. -5 c. 5
 b. -35 d. 35
 PRE-TEST
7. What is the simplest form of ?
a. b. c. d.

8. What is the equation of the line whose slope is -2 and
y-intercept is 3?
a. 2x + 3y = 6 c. 2x + 2y = 4
b. x + 2y = 3  d. 2x + y = 3
 PRE-TEST
9. What measure of central tendency can best describe the size of

t-shirt commonly used  by teenagers?

a. mean c. mode
10. If x =b.1 and
median
y = -2, what is thed.value
rangeof the expression
x2y + 4x + 3xy2 ?
 a. 14 c. 18
b. 16 d. 20
 PRE-TEST
11. Which of the following statement is always true?
a. The supplement of an angle is acute.
b. The complement of an angle is obtuse.
 c. The complement of any acute angle is acute.
d. Two supplementary angles are congruent.
12. If a picture frame is 27cm. long and 18cm. wide, what is the
ratio of its length to its width?
a. 3:2 b. 2:3 c. 3:5 d. 5:3
 PRE-TEST
13. Find m in the proportion .
a. 5 c. 20
b. 15 d. 25

14. The first three terms of a sequence are 5, 13 and 21.
What is the 18th term?
a. 139 c. 141
b. 140 d. 142
 PRE-TEST
15. What is the 7th term of the sequence 3,6,12, 24…?
a. 24 c. 96
b. 48 d. 192
16. What is the sum of the first 10 terms of the Fibonacci
sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, …?
a. 88 c. 232
 b. 143 d. 302
 PRE-TEST
17. What is the distance between the two points (-2, 3) and (3, -9)?
a. 11 c. 13
b. 12 d. 14

18. Find the midpoint between (-4, 21) and (8, 13).
a. (2, -17) c. (-2, 17)
 b. (2, 17 ) d. (-2, -17)
 PRE-TEST
19. Of the 50 students enrolled in the subject –Trigonometry, 90%
took the final exam at the end of the term. Twothirds of those who
took the exam passed. How many students passed the exam?
a. 45 c. 33
b. 35 d. 30
20. What is the mean of the scores 4, 6 , 8, 6, 2 and 10
a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
 PRE-TEST
21. A man borrowed P30,000 from the bank at the rate of 8% a
year. What is the interest if it will be paid after two years?
 a. P 4,800 c. P 5,200
b. P 5,000 d. P 5,400
22. What number is 25% more than 48?
a. 50 c. 70
 b. 60 d. 73
 PRE-TEST
23. Solve 6x + 7 = 3x + 12
a. 3 c.
b. 5
d.

24. There are 50 students in a class. If 14% are absent on a

particular day, Find the number of students present in the
class.
a. 40 b. 41 c. 42 d. 43
 PRE-TEST
25. How much should Roleen deposit in a bank at 6% simple
interest if she wants to earn P 1,200 a a year?
a. P 10,000 c. P 20,000
b. P 15, 000 d. P 30,000
 ARITHMETIC
- is the fundamental branch of mathematics that studies numbers, their
properties, relationships, and basic operations performed on them

- also covers advanced concepts like fractions, decimals and percentages

focusing on the properties and manipulations of numbers
 IDENTIFY ME !
Direction: Identify all the words that can be used to describe the given number.

odd prime positive

even
rational
natural
20 composite
real
negative
irrational
whole integer
 REAL NUMBERS

Rational Numbers
(can be expressed as fractions using two integers) Irrational Numbers
(cannot be expressed as fractions
Integers using two integers)
(whole numbers, composite of natural numbers)

Whole Numbers
√2
(natural numbers and zero)
Natural Numbers or Counting Numbers
 TYPES of NUMBERS
Natural Numbers – all positive integers from 1 to infinity ( counting numbers)
Prime numbers - numbers greater than 1 and its only factors are it self and 1
Composite numbers – numbers greater than 1 and its factors is more than 1
Examples:
a. 37 (natural number since it is greater than 1 and its only factor is 1, then it is a prime
number)
b. 18 (natural number since it is greater than 1, since the factors of 18 are 1,2,3,6 9 and 18,
then it is a composite number)
Even/Odd natural numbers:
Even numbers – that can be written in the form 2n, where n is a natural number
Odd numbers – that can be written in the form 2n - 1, where n is a natural number
 TYPES of NUMBERS
Whole Numbers – a number without fractions
Every natural number is also a whole number.

Example:
True or False: Every whole number is also a natural number.
Answer:
False: 0 is a whole number, but 0 is not a natural number
 TYPES of NUMBERS
Integers:
Every whole number is also a an integer.

Example:
True or False: Every integer is also a natural number.
Answer:
False: -5 is an integer, but -5 is not a natural number since
it does not belong to the set {1,2,3,4,….}
 TYPES of NUMBERS

Irrational Numbers:
An irrational number cannot be expressed as the ratio of integers.
All terminating, nonrepeating decimals are irrational numbers.
Examples: (The square root of any prime number is an irrational
number)
Real Numbers:
A real number is a number that either rational or irrational (but not both). Every
real number can be written as either a terminating decimal, a repeating decimal or a
nonterminating, nonrepeating decimal.
 IDENTIFY ME !
Direction: Identify all the words that can be used to describe the given number.

odd prime positive

even
rational
natural
20 composite
real
negative
irrational
whole integer
 TYPES of NUMBERS

Examples: Identify all the words that can be used to describe the given number.
a.) 5
even , odd, positive, negative, prime, composite,
natural, whole , integer, rational, irrational, real

b.)
even , odd, positive, negative, prime, composite,
natural, whole , integer, rational, irrational, real
 Operations with Integers
Adding Integers
Integers with the same sign
Add the two numbers together and maintain the sign
Ex. 200 + 500 = 700
-300 + (-900) = -1,200

Integers with the different sign

Ignore the sign at first and subtract the smaller number
from the larger.
Ex. -30 + 80 = 50
-50 + 18 = -32
 Operations with Integers
Adding Integers
Sign of Sign of
Added 1 Added 2 Sign of Sum How to Compute sum
+ + + Add
- - - Add
+ - Sign of larger addend Subtract smaller added
from larger
- + Sign of larger addend Subtract smaller added
from the larger
 Operations with Integers
Subtracting Integers
Recall that in a subtraction problem , there are three parts:

15 minuend
- 6 subtrahend
9 difference
When subtracting integers, change the sign of the subtrahend and
then follow the rules of addition.
Ex. a.) 14 – (-4) = 14 + 4 = 18
b.) -14 – 4 = -14 – (+4) = -18
c.) -14 – (-4) = -14 + 4 = -12
 Operations with Integers
Multiplying and Dividing Integers
Sign of Multiplicand 1 Sign of Multiplicand 2 Sign of Product

+ + +
- - +
+ - -
- + -

Sign of Divisor Sign of Dividend Sign of Quotient

+ + +
- - +
+ - -
- + -
 1
REMEMBER ME!
Direction: Perform the indicated operations
1.) -10 + ( -12) = - 22 6.)
= 9
2.) -15 + 12 = -3
7.) = -20
3.) -20 - (- 25) = 5
8.) - 30 - 25 = - 55
4.) -5 (-8) = - 40
9.) 15 + (- 25) = - 10
5.) 18 - (-8) = 26
10.) - 15(3) = - 45
Fractions and Their Operations

2
numerator

3 denominator
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “

Direction: Perform the indicated operations and

simplify your answer.
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “
1.
6 4 2 8
+ − =¿
7 7 7 7
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “
2.
4 2 1 4 + 4 −3 5
+ − =¿ =¿
6 3 2 6 6
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “
3.
2 2 1 4 2
𝑥 𝑥 = ¿ =¿
3 3 2 18 9
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “
4.
5 2 5 3 15
÷ = ¿ 𝑥 =¿
8 3 8 2 16
 “ LET’S FIND OUT! “
5.
2 3 5 2 5 5 50 5
÷ 𝑥 =¿ 𝑥 𝑥 =¿ =¿
5 5 4 5 3 4 60 6
 RATIO

Ratio – comparison of two quantities of the same units that indicates

how much of one quantity is present in the other quantity.

General form
a:b=
 RATIO a:b=

Example1:
There are 20 males and 23 females in a class. What is the ratio of the
males to the females in the class? female to males?
Solution:
The ratio of the males to the females is 20 is to 23
20 : 23
The ratio of the females to the males is 23 is to 20
23 : 20
 RATIO a:b=

Example 2:
In a class of 50 students,23 are girls and the remaining are boys. Find the ratio of
the number of boys to the number of girls.
Solution:
total number of students = 50, number of girls = 23
Total number of boys = total number of students – total number of girls
= 50 – 23
= 27
Therefore, the desired ratio is ( number of boys : number of girls)
27 : 23 or
 RATIO a:b=

Example 3:
Antonio helps his mother in selling fish. They have 15 pieces of lapulapu and 40
pieces of bangus. What is the ratio of the number of lapulapu to the number of fish
being sold.

Solution:
=
= or 3: 11
 RATIO a:b=

Example 4:
A room is 4 meters wide and 8 meters long. What is the ratio of the width of the
room to the length of the room?

Solution:
=
=
= , ratio

9: 16
 PROPORTIONS

A proportion is a special type of equation. It is a relation between two ratios

which states that two ratios are equal to each other.
Proportions are of the form
or a:b = c:d

The Fundamental Law of Proportion

If
 PROPORTION If
Example 1:
A housewife found out that with the rice she bought, she needs 4 cups of water for every 3 cups
of rice. If she cook 12 cups of rice, how many cups of water will she need?
Solutions:
4: 3 = x : 12

3x = 4 (12)
3x = 48
x=
x = 16 cups of needed
 PROPORTION If
Example 2 :
If a man was able to travel 250 kilometers in 5 hours driving, how many kilometers would be
cover in 9 hours at the same rate of speed?
Solutions:
250 : 5 = x : 9

5x = 9 (250)
5x = 2250
x=
x = 450 kilometers
 PROPORTIONS If

Example 4. Solve for x :

3. Solve the proportion
Solution :
Solution:
2(4x + 5) = 7(6)
28x = 4(49)
8x + 10 = 42
8x = 42 - 10
x 8x = 32

x
x
 3
FIND MY X !
Direction: Solve for x in the following proportions
1.) x : 3 = 10 : 6 x=5
2.) 4 : 8 = x : 120 x = 60
3.) 5 : x = 30 : 42 x= 7
4.) x : 3 = 12 : 18 x=2

5.) 7 : 8 = 28 : x x = 32
 Percentage, Rate and Base

P = rb
r is the rate, b is the base or standard basis of comparison; p is the
percentage of part compared to the standard basis
Ex. 1) In a class of 50, 10% are not present. How many students
are absent?
Solution: P = rb
P = (.10)(50)
P=5
 Percentage, Rate and Base

P = rb
Ex. 2) Out of 500 first year college students, 150 are graduates from public
high schools. What percent came from public high schools
Solution: P = rb
r=
r=

r = 0.30 = 30 %
 Percentage, Rate and Base
3.) The 360 members of the Math Club who attended the meeting
represented 90% of the total number of club members. How many
members were there in the club.
Solution: P = rb
b=
b=

b = 400
 Percentage, Rate and Base
4.) A farmer earns P 540 per day and gets a wage increase of 15%. How
much does the farm worker earns after the increase?
Solution: P = rb
P = (.15)(540) + 540

P = 81 + 540
P = 621
 Percentage, Rate and Base
5.) The number 12 is what percent less than 20?
Solution:
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 20 − 12
=
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 20
=

= 0.4
= 40%
 Plane Geometry
Geometry comes the Greek word “ geo” meaning earth and “metria” meaning
measurement. Initially, geometry was used in problems involving measurements
made on the earth. The person who made a very significant contribution on the
study of geometry was Euclid, often called as the Father of Modern Geometry.
 ACTIVITY 5
Direction: Tell whether each of the following represents the idea of a point, a line or a plane.
1. The tip of a ballpen
2. Edge of the book
3. A page of a newspaper
4. The edge where the ceiling and a wall meet
5. A star as seen from the Earth by the naked eye
6. A wagic wand
7. The sharp end of a pin
8. The screen of a television
9. The ceiling
10 The bottom of an ice cream cone.
 Undefined Terms
Undefined Terms Description Notation
POINT Indicator of position ●A
A point does not occupy an area. A single capital letter is used to name
It does not have any width, length or depth a point.
LINE A collection of continuous points that extends A B
indefinitely in both directions. ● ● m
It does not have any width To name a line, use two points on the
line with a line over the two letter.
Since its extends indefinitely, a line is usually
denoted as a segment with arrows on both ends. Another way of naming a line is using
a lowercase of a letter in italics.
line m
PLANE A set of points contained in a flat surface and
extends indefinitely in all directions.
D
A plane is denoted as a closed four-sided figure. A plane is named by putting a capital
letter on one of the corners.
 Complete Me!
An angle is formed by two rays with a common endpoint called the vertex.
Classification of angles:
right angle is an angle whose measure is .
1. A ___________
acute angle is an angle whose measure is less than .
2. An __________
3. An obtuse
___________
angle is an angle whose measure is more than .but less
than
straight angle an angle whose measure is
4. A _____________is
5. A ____________
reflex angle is an angle whose measure is greater than
but less than
 Complete Me!
Special Pairs of Angles:
adjacent angle
6. Two angles that share a common side are called ________________.
supplementary angle
7. Two angle the sum of whose measure is are called _________________
8. Two angles the sum of whose measure is are called _________________
complementary angle
9. Two adjacent angles the sum of whose measure is are called
___________
linear pair
10. Two adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines are called ___ ________.
vertical angles
 POLYGONS
POLYGON – is a closed figure formed by three or more line segments.
The line segments that form a polygon are called sides of
the polygon.
The end points of these segments are called vertices.

sides

vertices
 POLYGON
Regular polygons – all sides have the same length and all angles
have the same measure. Name of Polygons Number of Sides
Triangle 3
Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5
Hexagon 6
Heptagon 7
Octagon 8
Nonagon 9
Decagon 10
Undecagon 11
Dodecagon 12
N-gon More than 12 sides
 POLYGON

• The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is .

• The sum of the measure of the exterior angles of a regular polygon
is .
 POLYGON
• The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a regular polygon .
Example 1: Find the sum of the measure of the interior angle of a
pentagon.
Solution :
 POLYGON
• The measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon m with s
sides is
m

Example 2: Find measure of each interior angle of an octagon.

Solution : m
m
m
m
 POLYGON
• The measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon m with s
sides is
m

Example 3: Find measure of each exterior angle of an nonagon.

Solution : m
m
 POLYGON
• The measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon m with s
sides is
m
Example 4. If each exterior angle of a regular polygon is , How
many sides does the polygon have?
Solutions: m

s
s = 8 sides (octagon)
 The Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean theorem stated as the square of the length of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
two legs. A

2 2 2
𝑐 = 𝑎 +𝑏 hypotenuse
c b

B C
a
 Solving right triangle
Example: Find the length of the unknown side of ∆ABC.
A
Solution:
2 2 2
7
𝑐 = 𝑎 +𝑏 from
2 2 2
𝑐 =5 +7 c = ; hypotenuse
2
C B 𝑐 =25 + 49
5 a = ; one leg
c=
b = ; one leg
c=
STATISTICS
 STATISTICS
A branch of mathematics that deals with
collecting
organizing
analyzing
DATA Set of values of qualitative or
quantitative variables.
interpreting

from which conclusions can be drawn

to answer the problem posed at start
of the study
 USES of STATISTICS
Statistics can be applied generally. It is an essential tool in the following:

EDUCATION GOVERNMENT MEDICINE & PHYSICAL SCIENCES

Statistical tools are Used to provide the Methods of statistical

used to get necessary data to design of experiments
information regarding guide them in are valuable to
enrollment, finance, managing the affairs researchers
physical facilities, etc of the government.
 USES of STATISTICS
Statistics can be applied generally. It is an essential tool in the following:

PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
People are best understood
when evaluated to be able to It is vital in the study Means of explorations of
systematize, analyze and of conditions of the the new markets for a
interpret data on intelligence society in which man product, forecasting
scores, aptitude, personality lives. business trends, quality
trait rating and attitude. of goods produced.
 PRESENTATION of DATA
Data must be presented in an organized and systematic way so that significant characteristics can
be easily seen. Data can be presented in three form: textual, tabular and graphical.
. Data can be classified as group and ungrouped data.

Ungrouped data are data that are not either Grouped data are data that are
organized or if arranged, could only be from organized and arranged into
highest to lowest or lowest to highest. different classes or categories
 Methods of presenting data:
3. GRAPHICAL METHOD

Some readers find graphical presentation of data easier to

comprehend than when data are presented in tabular form. A
graph adds life and beauty to one’s work, but more than this , it
helps facilitate comparison and interpretation without going
through the numerical data.
a. Bar Graph is a graph represented by either vertical or horizontal
rectangles whose bases represent the class intervals and whose heights
represent the frequencies.
b. Histogram is a graph represented by vertical or horizontal rectangles
whose bases are the class marks and whose heights are the frequencies.
c. Frequency polygon is a line graph whose bases are the class marks
and whose heights are the frequencies.
d. Pie Chart is a circle graph showing the proportion of each class
through either the relative or percentage of frequency.
e. Ogive is a line graph where the bases are the class boundaries and the
heights are the <cf for the less Ogive and >cf for the greater than
Ogive.
Measures of Central Tendency
- are numerical descriptive measures which indicate or locate the
central distribution or data set.

The three Measures of Central Tendency:

1. Mean:
- The mean is the most popular and widely used. It is sometimes
called the arithmetic mean.
- The mean of a set of values or measurements is the sum of all the
measurements divided by the number of measurements in the set.
 Sample Mean:
ungrouped data mean formula:

where : = mean
= sum of the measurements or values
n = number of measurements

Example 1: Below are the travel times in minutes spent by Aaron in going to
school . Compute the mean and interpret the result.
Day Time Spent in Travelling Solution:
Monday 60 min.
Tuesday 45 min.
=
Wednesday 50 min.
Thursday 50 min.
= 51 mins. Based on the computed
Friday 47 min. mean, on the average, Aaron spent 51 minutes in going to school.
Example 2. Aling Martha is a fish vendor. The following are her sales for the past four
weeks. Compute her weekly mean sales.
Week Sales
1 P 2,500.00
2 P 3,000.00
3 P 3,500.00
4 P 4,000.00

Solution:
=
=
= P 3,250.00
Aling Martha has an average sales of P 3,250.00
2. Median
Is the middle value of a given set of measurements, provided that the
values or measurements are arranged in an array. An array is an
arrangement of values in increasing or decreasing order.
To find the median of ungrouped data, first arrange the values or
measurements in an array ( either increasing or decreasing) and then get
the middle value.
Example 3 : The following are the ages of the teachers in CKC.
24, 23, 28, 26, 25, 32, 55, 54 57. Compute the
median.
Solution:
Arrange the data in an array
23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 32, 54, 55, 57
Then, we get the middle score, which is 28.
therefore : the median is 28.
Observe in this example that we have an odd number of values (9 values of
measurements). Thus, there is only one middlemost value.
Example 4 : In an English test, 8 students obtained the following
scores: 10, 15, 12, 18, 16, 20, 12, 14. Find the
median.
Solution:
Arrange the scores in an array
10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20
Since the number of scores is even (8 scores), there are two
middlemost scores; namely 14 and 15. To get the median, we get
the mean of the two middlemost scores. Thus, the median is
= 14.5 median
The three Measures of Central Tendency:
3. Mode
Is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of
measurement or values.
It is the least common among the three measures of central tendency.
However, it is very useful as a measure of popularity. For example, we might be
interested in determining the most popular TV shows, most preferred brand of
toothpaste or the most favorite ice cream, or the most saleable brand of shoes. In
these situations, the mode is the most appropriate measure of tendency.
The Mode for ungrouped data:
The mode fro ungrouped date is fairly easy to find. It is just the
value or measurement which occurs the most number of times. In
other words, it is the most popular value.
A distribution may have only one mode. In this case, the
distribution is said to be unimodal . Data that have two values for the
mode are said to be bimodal. It is also possible that the set of data is
multimodal if there are more than two values for the mode.
If all the scores in a set of data occurs only once, then the set
of data has no mode.
Example 5 : The data on the number of times 10 mothers go to
market every week are shown below. Find the mode.
Mother A B C D E F G H I J
No. of times mother goes to market 2 1 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 2

Solution: The mode is 3. This means that the majority of the mothers go to
market three times a week.

Example 6 : Find the mode of the following measurements:

20, 15, 20, 14, 18, 15, 6
Solution: The mode are 20 and 15. Hence, the set of data is
binomial.
 ACTIVITY 4
A. Answer the following problems.
1. A researcher wants to determine the average age of the working students. A random
sample of 10 students working in one of the popular fast foods were asked about their
ages. The following ages were gathered: 18, 20, 21, 18, 20, 18, 22, 24, 27, 25.
Compute the mean, median and mode.
2. Olive obtained the following marks in her five subjects for the first grading period.
Compute her grade point average. SUBJECTS UNITS GRADE
Math 3 87
English 3 85
Science 5 88
Filipino 3 86
Araling Panlipunan 3 85

3. In a survey of small businesses in Calbayog City, 10 bakeries report the following

numbers of employees. 15, 14, 12. 10, 13, 15,19, 13, 15, 10.
Compute the (a) mean, (b) median and (c) mode.
 Plane Coordinate
System
A plane coordinate system is a two-dimensional plane formed by the
intersection of two number line, the horizontal number line called the x-
axis and the vertical number line called the y-axis.
Cartesian Coordinate System
Q2 ( - , +) y Q1( + , +)

A( -3 , 2) - Q2
A B( 3 , - 2) - Q4
C
x C( 2 , 0) - x axis

D( -2 , -4) - Q3
B
E( 0 , - 4) - y axis

Q3 ( - , -) Q4 ( + , -)
 Cartesian Coordinate System
y A( -3 , 1 ) and C(1,5)
C Distance Formula
A( -3 , 1)
B( 1 , 1 ) d=
C( 1 , 5 ) d=
A B
x d=

d=
d=
 Cartesian Coordinate System
y A( -3 , 1 ) and C(1,5)
C Midpoint Formula
A( -3 , 1)
B( 1 , 1 ) 
M M=

C( 1 , 5 ) A B M=
x

M=

M=
 ELEMENTARY
ALGEBRA
Branch of mathematics that deals with the simple properties of numbers ( such as the fundamental
operations, factoring and simple equation) and the relation between them.
 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

An algebraic expression or a variable expression is a combination of terms by

the operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

Variable Constant
Coefficient

5x + 7

terms
Algebraic expression
 EXAMPLES
2 2
𝑥 −2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦
-5

√ 3 𝑥+11 𝑦 −1
+

2
( 𝑥 − 2) − ¿
 EVALUATING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Ex.1 : Evaluate 3x – 2y + 4 if x = -2 and y = - 4
3x – 2y + 4 = 3(-2 ) – 2(- 4) + 4
= -6 +8+4
= 6
Ex.2 : Evaluate if a = 2 and b = 5
= 2 5 5
=
=
= 91
 LAWS of EXPONENTS

Exponents are powerful tools in the study of algebra. They are often
encountered in expressing numbers of extremes values. There are properties
which aid us in the study of exponents. These properties are referred to as the
laws of exponents.
The laws of exponents are used in formulas common to such diverse
fields as business , physical and social sciences.
exponent

= 16 power

base
 LAWS of EXPONENTS
2. If a, m and n are real numbers
1. If a, m and n are real numbers
( =
Examples:
Examples:
a. ( =
a. = =
b. = = b. ( =
6
c. = (𝑎 +𝑏) =
c. =
=
 LAWS of EXPONENTS
3. If a, m and n are real numbers
=
Examples:
a. = d. =
=
b. =
=9
c. =
=
=
 LAWS of EXPONENTS
4. If a, m and n are real numbers c. =
= , if m > n
Examples: , if m < n =
a. = =
b. = , if m = n
= = =
=
=

=
 LAWS of EXPONENTS
5. If a, m and n are real numbers and b ≠0
6. If a ≠0 , then =
=
Examples:
Examples:
a. = =
a. =
b. =
b. = =
= c. =
c. = =
=
= =
 ACTIVITY 4
Direction: Simplify each expression.
1. ( =8
2. = 18

3. = -10
4. =

5. =
 POLYNOMIALS and Their Operations
A polynomial is a special algebraic expression with terms that consist of real
number coefficients and variable factors with whole number exponents.
The degree of a term in a polynomial is defined to be the exponent of the variable,
or if there is more than variable in the term, the degree is the sum of their exponents.
Recall that = 1; any constant term can be written as a product of and itself. Since the
degree of a constant term is 0.

Polynomial term degree

4 4
3 5
2 1
 Standard form :

Arrange the terms of a polynomial in descending order based on the degree of each term.
The leading coefficient is the coefficient of the variable with the highest exponent.

Example:
Write in standard form : 3x -
degree
Solution:
4 3 2
−2 𝑥 +5 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 3x + 7

leading coefficient constant

polynomials can be classify by the number of terms and the degree
Expression Classification Degree
Monomial (one term) 7
Binomial ( two terms) 5
Trinomial (three terms) 2
Polynomial (many terms) 3

polynomials with one variable can be classify by their degree

Polynomial Name
5 Constant ( degree 0)
2x + 1 Linear ( degree 1)
Quadratic ( degree 2)
Cubic (degree 3)
Fourth-degree polynomial
 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example: Perform the indicated operations

1. ( =
2 2
2. ( - 6xy – 7) = 5 𝑥 𝑦 −10 𝑥𝑦 +2
3. + 5x) =
=
4. ) =
=
5. ) =
=
 Multiplying Polynomials
Example: Perform the indicated operations
1. =
2. = - +

3. ( 2x – 1)(3x – 2) =
=
4. ( 5x – 2y)(3x + 8y)= 15
= 15
5. = ( 3x -2)(3x – 2)
=
=
 Dividing Polynomials
Example: Perform the indicated operations
1. = + +

= + -

2. = + +

= + -
 3. Divide + 5 by 2x - 3
Solution: Insert zero as coefficient of the missing term.
2
x - 2x - 3
2x – 3 =
+ 0x
-2 x 3−3 x 2 -

− 4 x
2 + 0x )=, bring down 0x
- 2
− 4 x + 6x = -2x

- 6x + 5 -2x (2x – 3) = -+ 6x
-
- 6x + 9 0x – (6x) = -6x , bring down 5

The quotient is -4 = -3

- 2x -3 - -3 (2x – 3) = -6x + 9
remainder

5–9=-4
 4)
Solution:
+ 4x + 2

-
Subtract, bring down -18x
- 18x
- = 4x
- 20x
2x - 6
-
2x - 10 Subtract, bring down - 6
4
remainder
The quotient is 2 (x – 5) = 2x - 10
+ 4x + 2 + Subtract, -6 – (-10) = 4
 ACTIVITY 5
Direction: Perform the indicated operation.
1. (3xy +11yz – xz) + (-xy + 6yz – 2xz) = 2xy +17yz – 3xz
2. (3xy +11yz – xz) - (-xy + 6yz – 2xz) = 4xy + 5yz + xz

3. =

4. (3x – 4)(2x + 1) =

5. = - 19uv +
POST TEST
 POST TEST
1. Which of the following is NOT a prime number?
a. 43 c. 53
b. 47 d. 57
2. Simplify this [2 x 9 -8 x (-3)]/6 + 5= ___.
a. 14  c. 12
b. 13 d. 11
 POST-TEST
3. The product of two negative numbers is
a. imaginary  c. positive
b. negative d. zero

4. In 53 , 5 is called the ______.

 a. base c. index
b. exponent d. radicand
 POST-TEST
5. What is the degree of the term 3x2y5 ?
a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 10
6. Dion’s salary is P8,500 per month, if it is increased
by 12%. What is his new salary per month?
a. P9,320 c. P9,500
 b. P9,520 d. P9,550
 POST-TEST
7. (xb)a is equal to _______.
a. x a + b  c. xab

b. x b – a d.

8. What must be added to make x2 – 8x + ___ a

perfect square trinomial?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
 POST-TEST
9. In the square of a binomial (2x -4y)2, the last term of
the product is _____.
a. 2y2 c. 8y2
b. 4y2  d. 16y 2

10. What is the simplest form of (2xy2)3 ?

a. 2xy6 c. 6x3y6
b. 2x3y5  d. 8x y
3 6
 POST-TEST
11. What is the value of x in the proportion

a. 6 b. 9 c. 12 d. 18

12. What is the product of and ?
a. c.
b. d.

 POST-TEST
13. What is the x-intercept of the equation
y = -4x + 12?
 a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

14. What is the slope of the line passes through the

points (3, -4) and (5, 4)?
a. 2 b. -2 c. 4 d. -4
 POST-TEST
15. What is the equation of the line in slope-intercept form
if m = 6 and b = -2?
 a. y = 6x – 2 c. y = 6x + 2
b. y = 2x – 6 d. y = 2x + 6
16. What is the standard form of the linear equation
y= ?
a. 8x + 6y = 3 c. 8x – 6y = 3
b. 8x + 6y = -3 d. 8x – 6y = -3

 POST-TEST
17. What represents the tip of a nail?
a. line c. point

b. plane d. segment
18. What is the measure of an obtuse angle?
a. between 0 degrees and 90 degrees
b. exactly 90 degrees
 c. between 90 degrees to 180 degrees
d. exactly 180 degrees
 POST-TEST
19. What is the sum of the measures of the exterior angles
of any polygon?
a. 450 c. 1800
b. 900  d. 3600

20. If the score of 10 students are: 76, 80,75, 83, 80, 79,
85, 80, 88, 90 , what is the mode?
a. 76  c. 80
b. 79 d. 83
 POST-TEST
21. What is the range of the following : 86,70, 83, 90, 85,
78, 79, 81, 87?
a. 12 c. 16
b. 15  d. 20
22. What is the 12th term of the sequence 4, 13, 22, 31,….?
a. 100 c. 102
b. 101  d. 103
 POST-TEST
23. What is the common ratio of the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24,..?
 a. 2 b. -2 c.

24 . What is the remainder when

2x3 – 4x2 + 3x + 4 is divided by x – 2?
a. 5  b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
 POST-TEST
25. Only 26% of 50 students passed the exam. How many
students failed the test?
a. 33  c. 37
b. 35 d. 39
26. What is the value of the expression
3xy + 3y + 7 when x = 2 and y =3 ?
a. 34 c. 40
b. 36 d. 42
 POST-TEST
25. Only 26% of 50 students passed the exam. How many
students failed the test?
a. 33 c. 37
b. 35 d. 39
26. What is the value of the expression
3xy + 3y + 7 when x = 2 and y =3 ?
a. 34 c. 40
b. 36 d. 42
 POST-TEST
27. Find the distance between points (2, 7) and ( -3 , 5).
units
 c. units
units d. units
28. Find the midpoint of the line segments joining points
(2,-1) and (8,7).
a. (6 , 8) c. (3, 4)
 b. (5, 3) d. (10, 6)
 POST-TEST
29. During a summer sale, ladies’ bags originally priced at P 980.50
were advertised at 40% off. What was the sale price of the bags?
a. P 587.30 c. P 589.30
 b. P 588.30 d. P 590.30
30. If 4 girls received a box with 24 pieces of candies, what is the
ratio of the girls to the candies?
 a. 1 : 6 c. 3 : 4
b. 2 : 3 d. 2 : 5
 PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS
Remember, O Most Gracious Virgin Mary,
That never was it known
That anyone who fled to your protection
Implored your help, or sought your intercession
Was left unaided

Inspired with this confidence, I hasten to you,

O Virgin of Virgins, my Mother to you I come;
Before you I stand, sinful and sorrowful.

O mother of the World incarnate,

Do no despise my petition, but in your mercy
Hear and answer me.