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- Ma’am Allynn
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Quarter 1 : Module 1
It is composed of two or more elements
• npmoodcu
compound
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It is the physical combination of two or
more substances in which the identities are
retained.
• reutxmi
mixture
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It is a pure substance which cannot be
broken down by chemical means
• leenmet
element
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An element whose properties are
intermediate between those of metals and
solid nonmetals
• doilaletm
metalloid
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It is typically malleable or ductile
• tlaems
metals
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Anything that has mass and takes up
space by having volume
• amrett
matter
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Concept Map of Matter
These are compounds composed only of the element carbon and hydrogen
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
17 5 12 6 13 23 14 6 26 13 1
It is a substance found in urine and used as a fertilizer
___ ____ ____ ____
20 6 10 14
It is the tendency of a substance to evaporate at normal temperature
___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2 13 15 14 9 21 15 21 9 5
23 17 10 4 21 24 9 6 5
13 6 22 14 1 21 23
Organic vs Inorganic
Compounds
What is It ?
What is It ?
• Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table
• Carbon is said to be the element of life.
• It is the backbone of every living thing because
our body is mainly composed of carbon
compounds.
• A unique element having four valence electron
• It has the ability to bond to itself and to other
non-metallic elements.
Organic vs Inorganic Compounds
• All organic compounds contain the element carbon,
but there are some instances that a compound
contains carbon but considered inorganic
• Classification of organic and inorganic compounds
does not end with the presence or absence of the
element carbon only.
• Organic compounds also form a long complex chain
of molecules which inorganic compounds do not
have. Carbon compounds are covalent while
inorganic compounds can be ionic or covalent as
well.
ORGANIC COMPOUND INORGANIC COMPOUND
Contain mostly C, H, N, O Typically don’t contain carbon (except
metallic/ionic Carbonate, bicarbonate.
CO, CN-
Combust to form CO2, CO
Often Natural in origin
Can be man- made
Low mp, bp
Insoluble in water
Can be very complex
Property Organic Inorganic
solubility Insoluble in water Soluble in water and also
- ability
to be dissolved in a insoluble in some of the
given solvent organic solutions
volatility More volatile Nonvolatile in nature
– tendency of a substance to
evaporate at normal
temperature
flammability Highly flammable Nonflammable
–ability to support combustion
conductivity Poor conductor of Good conductor of heat
– ability to easily conduct heat heat and electricity in and electricity in
and electricity most of aqueous aqueous solutions
solutions
melting point Low melting point High melting point
temperature at which it
changes state from solid
to liquid
boiling point Low boiling point High melting point
– temperature at which it
changes state from liquid to
gas
C
C C ’ –
C C
C
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
√ CHECK IT!!!:
Directions: Identify whether the following compounds are organic or inorganic.
No. Compound Organic Inorganic
1 CH CH OH
3 2
2 CaCO
3
3 PbBr
3
4 C 6 H 10 N 4 O 2
5 C 4 H 10
6 CH COOH
3
7 CO
2
8 CH
4
9 HCl
10 NaCl
Organic compounds can be found
almost everywhere. The different
products such as plastics, foams,
rubbers, the foods, preservatives,
food colorings and artificial
sweeteners are all common examples
of organic compounds that are vital
for our everyday living.
The development of organic chemistry
began during the ancient times when
our ancestors were finding cure to
treat their tribe members. They used Figure 1.2 Friedrich Wohler
extracts of plants and animals as father of modern organic chemistry
medicines. They simply kept
records of the different medicinal
plants together with their useful
treatments. One of these is the willow
bark that they used as a pain killer. At
present, willow bark is known to
contain acetylsalicylic acid, an
ingredient in aspirin. Their knowledge
became the foundation of modern
pharmacology and organic chemistry.
In the early 1800's organic chemistry was
first defined by Jon Jacob Berzelius as a
branch of modern science.
He then classified chemical compounds into
two main groups: organic, if it can be
derived from living organisms, and
inorganic, if they originated from mineral
chemistry or non-living things.
Scientists during this period believed in
"vitalism" or the idea that organic
compounds could only originate from living
things through the vital force.
It was around 1816 when Michael Eugene Chevreul investigated the
composition of oils and fats. He explained clearly the reaction of
saponification and started to study soaps made from various fats and
alkalis.
Thereafter, in 1828, a student of Berzelius made a turning point in the
development of organic chemistry. It was Friedrich Wohler, also known
as the "Father of Modern Organic Chemistry," discovered that urea, an
organic compound that can be synthesized from an inorganic compound
ammonium cyanate. Urea had previously been found only in urine, which
is from a biological source. This discovery of Wohler weakened the
vitalism idea and represented the discovery of isomerism (the possibility of
two or more different structures based on the same chemical formula.
Later, in the year 1856, William Henry Perkin accidentally discovered the
organic dye, now known as Perkin’s mauve, which created more interest
in the study of organic chemistry.
With the idea of isomerism, many chemists started looking for an explanation
for isomerism that in turn led to the theories about the structure of chemical
compounds.
Friedrich August Kekulé proposed theories between the relationship of
the compounds’ chemical formula and the physical distribution of its atoms.
Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure
particularly Kekulé’s benzene. This theory proceeds from the idea of atomic
valence, especially the tetra valence of carbon and the ability of carbon
atoms to link to each other.
Thank you for learning with me
- Ma’am Allynn
