SUBJECT CODE: DT1213

20 Lorong 1/137C, Batu 5,

SUBJECT NAME: GRAMMAR II
Jalan Klang Lama, 58000
Kuala Lumpur

Mission
We inspire to transform WEEK: 6
communities by providing
affordable education for every
eligible individual whereby we
encourage students to relate TOPIC: 5
academic knowledge in
meaningful and thought-
provoking- ways with real
business environment to guide
them from classroom to
boardroom.
PREPARED BY:
Vision
To be a top-notch Higher
Education Institution via
Mr. KHAIRUL
creating excellent
teaching-learning platforms to
promote Holistic Education.
20 Lorong 1/137C, Batu 5,
Jalan Klang Lama, 58000
UNIT 5
CLAUSES
Kuala Lumpur

Mission
We inspire to transform
communities by providing
affordable education for every

(A)
eligible individual whereby we
encourage students to relate
academic knowledge in
meaningful and thought-
provoking- ways with real
business environment to guide
them from classroom to
boardroom.

Grammar II (DT1213)
Vision
To be a top-notch Higher
Education Institution via Lesson 6
creating excellent
teaching-learning platforms to
promote Holistic Education.
By Mr. Khairul
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Identify and distinguish between independent clauses

(main clauses) and dependent clauses (subordinate clauses).

2. Use independent and dependent clauses in sentence

according to their grammatical rules, structure and
formation.
 OVERVIEW
This lesson covers the topic of:
 Independent Clause

 Dependent Clause
 INTRODUCTION

 This lesson covers the following topics:

 Main clause (independent clause)

 Subordinate clause (dependent clause)

 Noun Clause

 Adjective Clause

 Adverb Clause
 CLAUSES
 A clause is a fundamental linguistic unit that consists of

a subject and predicate.

 Clauses are building blocks of sentences and can

function as independent sentences themselves or as a

part of a larger sentence.

 A clause typically contains a subject, which is the

person, thing, or entity that performs the action or is

being described, and a predicate, which includes the
verb and provides information about the subject.
 CLAUSES
Independent clauses / Main Clauses

• A type of clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a
complete thought.
• It contains a subject and a predicate and does not rely on other clauses to convey its
meaning.

Dependent Clauses/Subordinate Clauses

• A type of clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not
express a complete thought. Instead, it depends on an independent clause to provide
meaning and context.
• Dependent clauses often function as adverbs, adjectives, or nouns within a sentence.
 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
e.g. I am a pharmacy student.

My father works in a hospital.

Two or more Independent Clauses joined by a coordinating

conjunction

(remember: fanboys)
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
 Examples:

 Amanda wrote a research paper on chemistry. She submitted it for

publication. (Amanda wrote a research paper on chemistry, and she

submitted it for publication).

 Mr. Lee was extremely tired. He continued working until well after

midnight. (Mr. Lee was extremely tired but continued working until
well after midnight.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

Noun Clauses

Adjective Clauses

Adverb Clauses
NOUN CLAUSES
NOUN CLAUSES
 NOUN CLAUSES
a dependent clause that begins with a WH-question words (what, when,
where, why, who, how), that, whether, and if.

e.g.

 Where he lives is unknown.

 I don’t know who he is.

 He isn’t interested in what the class is studying.

 I wasn't sure whether you'd like it.

 NOUN CLAUSES
Complete the sentences below.
 e.g.: Where did the hurricane start?
…………………………….. is unknown
Where the hurricane started is unknown.
 When was the town awash?
My father doesn’t know ………………………….
 Will there be a blizzard tomorrow?
I wonder ………………………………………...
 How many children suffered from the famine two years ago?
The authorities need to find out ………………………………..
ADVERB CLAUSES
ADVERB CLAUSES
 ADVERB CLAUSES
Subordinating Conjunctions

Time when, whenever, while, as soon as, after, since, as, before, until, once, by the time
that.
Place where, anywhere, wherever, every where.

Manner as, as if, as though

Reason because, as, since, in as much as

Purpose so that, in order that, may/might, can/could, will/would, have to

Concession although, though, even though

Contrast while, whereas

 ADVERB CLAUSES
Examples:

 Whenever I take the bus to class, I always arrive late.

 Because Mr. Don had made so much money, he retired early.

 Lily walked home by herself although she knew that it was dangerous.

 They stared at me as if I was crazy.

 While I was in Italy, I went to see Alessandro.

 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
 An adjective clause is also known as a relative clause.

 A type of dependent clause that functions as an adjective within the sentence.

 It provides additional information or describes a noun or pronoun in the main

clause.

 Adjective clauses are introduced by relative pronouns (who, whom, whose,

which, or that) or relative adverb (when, where, why). These words connect
the adjective clause to the noun it modifies.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
 Can you
think of the
examples for
when, why,
how?
 Let’s
practise!!!
 CLAUSES

TUTORIAL 6

Dependent and Independent Clauses

 PLENA
RY
Reflection Time

Create a workflow diagram

of all the clauses you have
learnt for today.
“A person who never made a
mistake never tried anything
new.” – Albert Einstein.

Thank you for participating

in this class.

See you again soon!!!

Resources:
1. www.americanenglish.state.gov
2. www.englishstudyhere.com