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Lesson 3 Cellular Transport

The document discusses different cellular transport processes including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. It describes how these processes allow substances to move into and out of cells and defines key terms like isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Active transport requires energy input from the cell while passive processes like diffusion and osmosis do not. Large particles can enter cells through endocytosis.

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7 views22 pages

Lesson 3 Cellular Transport

The document discusses different cellular transport processes including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. It describes how these processes allow substances to move into and out of cells and defines key terms like isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Active transport requires energy input from the cell while passive processes like diffusion and osmosis do not. Large particles can enter cells through endocytosis.

Uploaded by

jansameh16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Cellular Transport
Focus Question

What processes enable substances to move into


or out of a cell?
New Vocabulary

diffusion hypotonic solution


dynamic equilibrium hypertonic solution
facilitated diffusion active transport
osmosis endocytosis
isotonic solution exocytosis
Review Vocabulary

homeostasis: the regulation of the internal


environment of a cell or organism to maintain
conditions suitable for life
Diffusion

• Particles in solids, liquids, and gasses are in


constant random motion.
• Diffusion is the net movement of particles
from an area of high concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
• Additional energy is not required for diffusion
because the particles are already in motion.
Diffusion

• When diffusion occurs over a long enough


time, concentrations will become uniform,
and the solution will reach dynamic
equilibrium.
• In dynamic equilibrium, molecules continue
to move, but the concentration remains the
same.
Diffusion
Diffusion causes the inks to move from high-ink
concentration to low-ink concentration, until the
color becomes evenly blended in the water.
Diffusion

Diffusion Across the Plasma Membrane


• Water can diffuse across the plasma
membrane, but most other substances
cannot.
• Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins
to move ions and small molecules across the
plasma membrane.
• Diffusion and facilitated diffusion are types of
passive transport; they require no additional
energy.
Facilitated Diffusion
Water moves freely through the plasma membrane (A),
but other substances cannot pass through on their own.
Channel proteins (B) and carrier proteins (C) help ions
and small molecules move across the membrane.
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water

• Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a


selectively permeable membrane.
• Water is the solvent in a cell and its
environment.
• Water will move across a membrane until the
concentration of solute is the same on both
sides.
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water
Before osmosis, the sugar concentration is greater on
the right side. After osmosis, the concentrations are the
same on both sides. Water molecules continue to move
across the membrane.
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water

• An isotonic solution has


the same concentration of
water and solutes as the
cytoplasm of the cell.
• Water still moves through
the membrane, but it
enters and leaves at the
same rate.
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water

• A hypotonic solution has a


lower concentration of
solutes than the cytoplasm
of the cell.
• The net movement of
water is into the cell.
• As water moves into the
cell, pressure increases.
• Animal cells can burst when
placed in extremely
hypotonic solutions.
Osmosis: Diffusion of Water

• An hypertonic solution has


a higher concentration of
solutes than the cytoplasm
of the cell.
• The net movement of
water is out the cell.
• As water moves out of the
cell, pressure decreases.
• Hypertonic solutions cause
wilting in plants.
Active Transport

• Sometimes substances must move from an


area of lower concentration to an area of
higher concentration.
• Movement of particles across the cell
membrane, against the concentration
gradient, requires energy and is called active
transport.
• Active transport occurs with the aid of carrier
proteins, which are often called pumps.
Active Transport
Na+/K+ ATPase Pumps
• These pumps are found in the plasma membrane
of animal cells.
• They maintain levels of sodium (Na+) and
potassium (K+) inside and outside the cell.
Active Transport

Large molecules, such as sugar, need to move against


a concentration gradient into the cell.
• In a process called coupled transport, sugars can
pair with Na+ ions and enter the cell through a
membrane protein called a coupled channel.
• Coupled transport allows sugars to enter through
facilitated diffusion, which saves energy.
Transport of Large Particles
• Endocytosis is the process by which a cell surrounds
an object in the outside environment in a portion of
the plasma membrane.
• Exocytosis is the excretion of materials at the plasma
membrane.
Quiz

1. Which is not a factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

A conductivity CORRECT

B concentration

C pressure

D temperature
Quiz

2. Which type of transport requires energy input from the


cell?

A active transport C osmosis


CORRECT

B facilitated diffusion D simple diffusion


Quiz

3. Which type of solution could cause an animal cell to


burst?

A hypotonic C isotonic
CORRECT

B homeostatic D hypertonic
Quiz

4. By which method of transport can large substances enter


a cell?

A endocytosis CORRECT

B facilitated diffusion

C exocytosis

D osmosis

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