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Geological Distribution of Petroleum - 124704

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13 views27 pages

Geological Distribution of Petroleum - 124704

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nonolashari
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GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION

OF PETROLEUM IN THE
WORLD
GROUP MEMBERS
1-Abdul Moiz 22F-PG-04

2-Talha zulfiqar 22F-PG-30

3-Faizan Rafique 22F-PG-25


WHAT IS PETROLEUM ?
• The word “petroleum” is derived from latin word “petra,”meaning rock
and “0leum,” meaning oil.
• petroleum is naturally occurring,yellow-to-black liquid found in
geological formations beneath the earth’s surface. It is a complex
mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds,and it is the
primary source of for various applications,including fuel for
vehicles,heating,and the production of numerous industrial products
like plastics and chemicals.
• petroleum literally translates to rock oil or oil from the rock ,reflecting
its origin as liquid found in rock formations beneath the earth’s surface.
INTRODUCTION
• Oil and natural gas are found worldwide, but most of the oil and
natural gas reserves are in Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, and
Iran. Within the United States, most oil is found in Texas, Alaska,
California, North Dakota, and Oklahoma.
• More than half of the world's proven oil reserves are located in the
Middle East (including Iran but not North Africa). Canada, United
States, Latin America, Africa, and the region occupied by the former
Soviet Union contains less than 15 percent of the world's proven
reserves.
HOW PETROLEUM FORMED ?
scientists believe petroleum hydrocarbons come from the remains of
tiny animals and plants that lived millions years ago. The idea that oil
was created from dinosaurs is a myth, there simply were not enough of
them to create such large amounts of oil.

It was produced when sea creatures died and got covered with sand
and clay under high pressure these dead organisms changed into
petroleum and natural gases.
FIRST PETROLEUM WELL
LOCATION : PENNSYIVANIA ,TITUSVILLE
USA ON AUGUST 27,1859
FIRST PETROLEUM WELL
The first petroleum well was drilled in pennsylvania,USA in 1859.

Early modern discoveries if petroleum relied on these small surface


wells. In the united states, bores that were used for weater began
producing crude oil, At that time,petroleum was called coal oil.

The discovery of petroleum eventually closed the nineteenth century


whale-oil-industry.
COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
Hydrocarbon Average Range

Alkanes (paraffins) 30% 15 to 60%

Naphthenes 49% 30 to 60%

Aromatics 15% 3 to 60%

Asphaltics 6% remainder
Element Percentage

Carbon 83 to 85%

Hydrogen 10 to 14%

Nitrogen 0.1 to 2%

Oxygen 0.05 to 1.5%

Sulfur 0.05 to 6%

Metals < 0.1%


PETROLEUM PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD
• According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) ,IN 2014 over 66% of
world oil production came from the top ten countries : saudi Arabia 542
Mt (13%),Russia 529 Mt (13%) United states 509 Mt (12%), China 212
Mt (5%),canada 208 Mt (5%), Iran 166 Mt (4%) Iraq 160 Mt (4%),kuwait
158 Mt (4%) UAE 157 Mt (4%) and venezuela 151 Mt (4%).Total oil
product in 2014 was 4200Mt.
• Petroleum distribution worldwide is uneven, with significant reserves
concentrated in certain regions. The Middle East, particularly countries
like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq, holds the largest share of proven oil
reserves. Other major contributors include Russia, Venezuela, and the
United States. Regions such as Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia have
varying levels of oil reserves. Global geopolitical factors and exploration
activities influence the distribution and availability of petroleum
resources.
OIL PRODUCTION CHART 2021
HISTORY OF THE WORLD PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
• 6th Century BC The army of Kir II, first shah of Achaemenid Empire (present -
Iran), used Absheron oil in weapons of fire to invade castles and cities.
• 450BC-Herodotus described oil pits near Babylon

• 325BC - Alexander the Great used flaming torches of petroleum products to scare
his enemies

• c100AD Plutarch described oil bubbling from the ground near Kirkuk in present
day Iraq

• 347AD Chinese reported to have drilled holes in ground using bamboo to extract
oil
1273-Marco Polo recorded visiting the Persian city of Baku, on the shores of the
Caspian Sea in modern Azerbaijan, he saw oil being collected from seeps for use in
medicine and lighting

1594 A stone dated 1594 and signed by Allahyar Mahammad Nurogly is found in an
oil well (kolodets) 35 metres deep in Baku (in settlement Balak

1637 Baku oil is marked as a 'terrible weapon by ignition' in a "List of gun stocks' of
Moscow state.hani); this well is dug by hand.

1801-First coal powered steam engine

1807-Streets of London lit by coal oil


1857 Development of the kerosene lamp provided clean burning light

1859-Col. Edwin Drake struck oil 69ft below the surface of the ground
in Titusville, Pennsylvania.

1895-Invention of combustion engine

1896 Henry Ford's first


OIL CONFLICTS
• • The term oil war is used to describe a conflict about petroleum resources.

• < It is generally refers to any conflict occurring in a geographical location that contain
oil, and the participants may or will have intentions to take control over petroleum
products.

• List of Wars (Some major wars)

• 1. Chaco wars (1932-35)

• 2. Nigerian civil war (1967-70)

• 3. Iran-Iraq war (1980-88)


• 4. Gulf war (1990-91)

• 5. Iraq war (2003-2011)

• 6. 2014 military intervention against ISIS (2014-)

• 7. 2014 core coalition intervention in serya (2014-


BRENT CRUDE OIL PRICES 1988-
2015
COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST PROVEN OIL RESERVES
(MMBBL)
RANK COUNTRY BARRELS (bbl)
1 Venezuela 298,400,000,000
2 Saudia arabia 268,300,000,000,

3 Canada 171,000,000,000

4 Iran 157,800,000,000
5 Iraq 144,200,000,000
6 Kuwait 104,000,000,000
7 Russia 103,200,000,000,
8 UAE 97,800,ooo,ooo
9 Libya 48,360,000,000
10 Nigeria 37,070,000,000,
11 United states 36,520,000,000
12 Kazakhstan 30,000,000,000,
13 Qatar 25,240,000,000
14 China 24,650,000,000
The above chart picture is described as follows;

Most of the oil reserves are found in the middle east. In saudia arabia,
Qatar,Iran,Iraq,UAE,Jordan and Kuwait etc.(66% oil reserves are found in
middle east)
In second number, 9% oil reserves are found in central america.countries
in central america venezuela,brazil,mexico and etc.
At the third Africa conatin 7% of oil reserves.
5% of oil reserves are found in North America.
Eastern Europe also conatin 5% of oil and gas formations.
In the Asia 4% of oil and gas and other By-Products are found.
At last the 2% of oil production are obtained from western Europe
USES OF PETROLEUM IN THE
WORLD :
• Certainly, here are the main uses of petroleum in bullet points:

Fuel Production:
• Gasoline for automobiles.
• -Diesel for various vehicles and machinery.
• Jet fuel for aviation.

• - **Waxes:**
• - Used in the production of candles, polishes, and other products.

• - **Fertilizer Production:**
• - Petrochemicals contribute to the synthesis of fertilizers.

• - **Pharmaceuticals:**
• - Petrochemicals serve as raw materials for certain pharmaceuticals.

• - **Energy Generation:**
• - Used as a source of energy in power plants.

• These applications highlight the diverse and essential roles of petroleum in various industries worldwide.
Petrochemical Industry:
• Essential for producing plastics.
• Used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers.
• Key ingredient in the production of various chemicals.

Lubricants:
• Base material for lubricating oils.

Asphalt Production:
• Used in road construction and maintenance.

Waxes:
- Used in the production of candles, polishes, and other products.
Fertilizer Production:
- Petrochemicals contribute to the synthesis of fertilizers.

Pharmaceuticals:
• Petrochemicals serve as raw materials for certain pharmaceuticals.

Energy Generation:
• Used as a source of energy in power plants.

• These applications highlight the diverse and essential roles of petroleum in


various industries worldwide.
CONCLUSION
• The distribution of petroleum worldwide is influenced by
geopolitical factors, with key producers including the Middle
East, Russia, and the Americas. OPEC[organization of
petroleum exporting countries] nations play a significant role
in global oil production, impacting prices and supply.
Advances in technology and environmental concerns are
reshaping the energy landscape, driving the exploration of
alternative sources and a transition towards sustainable
practices. Balancing economic interests, energy security, and
environmental sustainability will continue to shape the
future of petroleum distribution on a global scale.
REFERENCES
• www.petroeum.co.uk
• www.wikipedia.org
• CHATGPT
•
THANK YOU

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