HEALTH PROMOTION
CMT 05105
Plan for integrated community health
interventions
Dr. Joseph Bahati
Learning Objectives
Identify integrated community health services
Describe integrated community maternal, Newborn and child
health services.
Identify stakeholders of integrated community health services
Provide services to the referred clients from the community
Plan and monitor community health interventions
Integrated Community Health Services
o Community is a group of people, often living in a defined geographical
area who share common culture, values and norms, and arranged in a
social structure according to relationship which the group has
developed over a period
o Community health intervention is a specific activity intending to bring
about a required outcome in a particular population using common
strategy in a group of people, often living in a defined geographical area
who share common culture, values and norms, and arranged in a social
structure according to relationship which the group has developed over
a period
Integrated Community Health Services cont.…
o Integrated community health intervention is specific activity
intending to bring about a required outcome in a particular
population using common strategy in a group of people, often
living in a defined geographical area who share common
culture, values and norms, and arranged in a social structure
according to relationship which the group has developed over
a period incorporated into other health services/interventions
Integrated Community Maternal, Newborn And Child
Health
• In 2000, at the Millennium Summit held in New York, World Leaders
pledged to reduce child mortality and improve maternal health
among other Goals (Millennium Development Goals) to ensure
human development by the year 2015.
• Focus on care with linkages from home to community to health
facility, Health policies, programmes and interventions in the fields
of maternal, new-born and child health will be approached together
and incorporated into integrated programmes.
Integrated Community Maternal, Newborn And Child
Health cont.…..
• New and radical way of resource mobilization (or resourcing),
coordination (or coordinating) and putting into action a
minimum range of effective interventions that have been
proven to work for the attainment of MDG 4 -Reduce child
mortality- and MDG 5 – Improve maternal health and MDG 6 –
prevention of HIV/AIDs, STIs, malaria and other diseases.
• Re-invigorating the struggle by governments, partners and all
stakeholders for attainment of MDGs 4,5 and 6.
Community MNCH interventions
The recommended interventions at home and in the community
are;
• Antenatal care
• Post partum care
• Newborn care
• Child care
Stakeholders of integrated community health services
• Community members
• Community leaders
• Health facility staff
• Health facility clients
• Community health workers
• Local government/councils
• Ministry of Health (MOHCDGEC)
• Other ministries e.g. Ministry of Work, Education etc
• Non-governmental organizations – NGOs
• Other funding organizations e.g. International, national and local interested
Provide services to the referred clients from
the community - buzz
• Referred from community by?
• What should be done?
• Consideration for referring
Plan and monitor community health interventions
Plan – a method of doing something which is worked in
advance or a system for achieving objectives
Intervention plan – A roadmap for your activities that facilitates
your program’s/project’s systematic implementation to bring
about an intended outcome/change in a particular target
population
Planning
• Conduct assessments to find out needs
• Identify priority area and problem definition
• Solutions identification and Strategies to be used
• Activities for each strategy
• Monitoring and evaluation plan
• Implementation
• Final Evaluation
Conduct assessments to find out the needs
• What is a problem(s)
• What is the extent
• Who, when, how, (why if possible) – is the problem affecting
• Other problem(s) and their extents
• What is currently done
• Who are responsible with the capacity available
• Other opportunities
• Threats
Identify priority area and problem definition
• What is the community priority – first to last
• What is the problem that need attention (problem burden) – arrange
by ranking the first to the last
• What is the problem that once dealt with will bring significant
outcome change/impact – rank first to last
• What is easy to deal with (technical capacity) – rank easy to difficult
• What is easy to deal with (financially) – rank easy to difficult
• And more
• Discuss with stakeholders to reach decision/agreement
Problem prioritization
In doing prioritization defined criteria are used like,
• Magnitude - in terms of the proportion affected such as women, school
children, pre-school children and the elderly. This basically describes
how big the problem is
• Severity - to the individual and the community. How serious is the
condition. Does it threaten life, cause major suffering, and decrease the
ability to read a normal life, or reduce productivity.
• Vulnerability - Vulnerability to intervention (feasibility) if a problem is
not vulnerable to the intervention, then it makes no sense to include in
the list of those targeted for action.
Problem prioritization cont.….
• cost of intervention - is expressed in terms of cost effectiveness. This
criterion should answer the question whether the problem, if
addressed, is worth the financial costs involved.
• Political acceptability - even if the problem fulfils all of the above
criteria, if it is not recognized/accepted by the central authority, it is very
difficult to include it among the high priority list.
Solutions/interventions identification and Strategies to be
used
• List all solutions/interventions for each problem agreed as priority
• It includes looking into capacity to implement the solutions
• Decide one or pair(s) of solutions/interventions to be implemented
• For each solution/intervention list strategies to be used
• For each solution/intervention list strategies to be used
• It includes looking into capacity to implement the
solutions/interventions
• Decide the strategies that should be implemented
Activities for each strategy
• Each strategy will need number of activities
• It includes looking into capacity to implement the activities
• Decide the activities that should be implemented
Monitoring and evaluation plan
• Decide on important activities to be monitored
• Agree on indicators
• Set targets for each indicator
• Prepare and Agree on tools to be used to collect the information
• Agree on format of the M&E report
• Agree on frequency of reporting e.g. weekly, monthly, quarterly, every
six months or annually
• Agree on reporting channel (levels or stakeholders to report or receive
the report)
Implementation
• Agree on when to start implementation
• Agree on when to complete implementation
• Agree on dates for conducting each activity – those which are
for short time, life time of project/program
• Each activity should have responsible person to implement
• Monitoring and Evaluation should have responsible person
Final Evaluation and Dissemination
• Evaluation study to find out if the intervention(s) has worked
• Commonly done at the end of the project/program
• If a program is implemented for years e.g. 5, evaluation can be
done 2-3 years as midterm evaluation/review
• Plan how to use the finding including disseminating beyond the
initial stakeholders
Evaluation
• What is an intervention plan?
• What is the process of developing health promotion
intervention?
Thank you!
