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Transformer PP T

The document discusses the principles and types of single-phase transformers. It explains how transformers work using mutual inductance between a primary and secondary winding around a laminated iron core. Transformer types include step-up, step-down, core type and shell type based on winding and core construction. Equations for voltage transformation ratios and induced EMF are also provided.

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vsuganya ram
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17 views13 pages

Transformer PP T

The document discusses the principles and types of single-phase transformers. It explains how transformers work using mutual inductance between a primary and secondary winding around a laminated iron core. Transformer types include step-up, step-down, core type and shell type based on winding and core construction. Equations for voltage transformation ratios and induced EMF are also provided.

Uploaded by

vsuganya ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSFORMER

A single-phase transformer works based on


the principle of mutual inductance.
Principle of operation
• Basically a transformer consists of two inductive coils;
• primary winding
• secondary winding
• Laminated core
• Primary winding: The set of turns of windings to which
the supply current is fed.
• Secondary winding: The set of turns of winding from
which output is taken.
Types of transformer
• Step up transformer:
• Secondary winding more than primary winding,
emf induced in the sec winding will be higher than
the voltage applied in primary winding is said to be
step up
• Step down transformer:
• Secondary winding less than primary winding, emf
induced in the sec winding will be lesser than the
voltage applied in primary winding is said to be step
down
Core type transformer

The core part is the important one where it provides a continual magnetic way
having an air gap at the minimum level.
This is constructed with plastic-coated steel sheets where have a high amount of
silicon.
And also the laminated sheets hold increase permeability and minimal
hysteresis losses.
• L-L Laminations
• U-I Laminations
Shell type transformer

A type of transformer in which the magnetic circuit consists of one


central limb and two outer limbs, and both primary and secondary
windings are placed on the central limb is called a shell-type
transformer
• Let,
N1 = Number of turns in primary winding
N2 = Number of turns in secondary winding
Φm = Maximum flux in the core (in Wb) = (Bm x A)
f = frequency of the AC supply (in Hz)
• T – Time period. It is the time taken for 1 cycle.
• The flux formed is a sinusoidal wave. It rises to a maximum value of
Φm and decreases to a negative maximum of Φ m. So, flux reaches a
maximum in one-quarter of a cycle. The time taken is equal to T/4.
• Average rate of change of flux = Φm/(T/4) = 4fΦm
• Where, f = frequency
• T = 1/f
• Induced EMF per turn = Rate of change of flux per turn
• Form factor = RMS value / average value
• RMS value = 1.11 (4fΦm) = 4.44 fΦm [form factor of a sine wave is 1.11]
• RMS value of EMF induced in winding = RMS value of EMF per turn x
No. of turns
• Primary Winding
• RMS value of induced EMF = E1 = 4.44 fΦm * N1
• Secondary Winding
• RMS value of induced EMF = E2 = 4.44 fΦm * N2
• This is the EMF equation of the transformer.
• For an ideal transformer at no load condition,
• E1 = Supply voltage on the primary winding
• E2 = Terminal voltage (theoretical or calculated) on the
secondary winding
Voltage Transformation Ratio

K is called the voltage transformation ratio, which is a constant.


Case 1:If N2 > N1, K>1, it is called a step-up transformer.
Case 2: If N2< N1, K<1, it is called a step-down transformer.
• Transformer Efficiency
• Comparing system output with input will confi
rm transformer efficiency. The system is called
better when its efficiency is high.
• Applications of Transformer
• The
transformer transmits electrical energy throug
h wires over long distances.
• Transformers with multiple secondaries are us
ed in radio and TV receivers, which require
several different voltages.
• Transformers are used as voltage regulators.

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