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Sampling Error

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Ridhima Kashib
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22 views11 pages

Sampling Error

Uploaded by

Ridhima Kashib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Sampling error refers to differences between the

sample and the population that exist only because


of the observations that happened to be selected
for the sample
• Increasing the sample size will reduce this type of
error
• Types of Sampling Error
• Sample Errors
• Non Sample Errors
• Sample Errors
• Error caused by the act of taking a sample
• They cause sample results to be different from the
results of census
• Differences between the sample and the population
that exist only because of the observations that
happened to be selected for the sample
• Statistical Errors are sample error
• We have no control over
• Non Sample Errors
• Not Control by Sample Size
• Non Response Error
• Response Error
• Non Response Error
• A non-response error occurs when units selected
as part of the sampling procedure do not respond in
whole or in part
• AD
• Scroll to read more
• Response Errors
• A response or data error is any systematic bias that
occurs during data collection, analysis or
interpretation
• Respondent error (e.g., lying, forgetting, etc.)
• Interviewer bias
• Recording errors
• Poorly designed questionnaires
• Measurement error
• Respondent error
• & respondent gives an incorrect answer, e.g. due to
prestige or competence implications, or due to
sensitivity or social undesirability of question
• respondent misunderstands the requirements
• lack of motivation to give an accurate answer
• "lazy" respondent gives an "average" answer
• question requires memory/recall
• proxy respondents are used, i.e. taking answers from
• someone other than the respondent
• Interviewer bias
• Different interviewers administer a survey in
different ways
• Differences occur in reactions of respondents to
different interviewers, e.g. to interviewers of their
own sex or own ethnic group
• Inadequate training of interviewers
• Inadequate attention to the selection of
interviewers
• There is too high a workload for the interviewer
• Measurement Error
• • The question is unclear, ambiguous or difficult to
answer
• * The list of possible answers suggested in the recording
instrument is incomplete
• • Requested
information
• assumes a framework
• unfamiliar to the respondent
• * The definitions used by the survey are different from those
used by the respondent (e.g. how many part-time employees do
you have? See next slide for an example)
• Key Points on Errors
• Non-sampling errors are inevitable in production of
• national statistics. Important that:-
• • At planning stage, all potential non-sampling errors are listed and steps
taken to minimise them are considered.
• 口
• If data are collected from other sources, question procedures adopted for
data collection, and data verification at each step of the data chain.
• • Critically view the data collected and attempt to resolve queries
immediately they arise.
• 口
• Document sources of non-sampling errors so that results presented can
be interpreted meaningfully.

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