INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

(EMTE1012)

Chapter 1

Lami M.
Presented By: LAMISHOW TUBE
 Outline
Introduction
Evolution of Technologies
The Industrial Revolution (IR)
 History of (IR)
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Programmable devices
Human to Machine Interaction
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies

• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technologies.

• Technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected to be available

within the next five to ten years.

• Technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant social or economic
effects.

• Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society through

technological development.

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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies
cont.…

What is the root word of technology and evolution?

• Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek tekhnologia
"systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to grammar, from
tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.

• Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes.

• This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the
prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll.“

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 Evolution of Technologies

List of some currently available emerged technologies

Big Data  Cloud Computing

Artificial Intelligence  3D printing

 5G
Internet of Things (IoT)
 Nanotechnology
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Blockchain and etc.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)

• It’s a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late
1700s and early 1800s.

• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive.

• IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes
to large factories.

• IR shifts society from using tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such
as coal, to power machines in factories.

• This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
cont …
• The American IR commonly referred to as the Second IR, started sometime between
1820 and 1870.
• Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and agriculture all had
undergone changes.
• IR fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.
The Most Important Inventions of the IR are :-
Transportation:
The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane
Communication:
The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The Telephone.
Industry:
 The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.

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 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0, IR 4.0)

• The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.

• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were Belgium, France,
and the German states.
• The final cause of the IR was the effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
• The four types of industries are:

• The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and
fishing.
• The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
• Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is

described as a transition to new
manufacturing processes.
• IR was first coined in the 1760s.
• The transitions in the first IR included
going from hand production methods to
machines.
The increasing use of steam power
The development of machine tools
and the rise of the factory system.

Figure :- Steam engine

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• The Second IR, also known as the
Technological Revolution.
• Began somewhere in the 1870s.
• It includes the development of methods for
manufacturing interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing
systems such as telegraph and railroad
networks.
• This adoption allowed the vast movement
of people and ideas, enhancing
communication.
• Moreover, new technological systems were
introduced, such as electrical power and
telephones. Figure :- Electricity transmission line
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• IR 3.0 introduced the transition from
mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics and began
from the late 1950s.
• Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR
3.0 was given the nickname, “Digital
Revolution”.
• The core factor of this revolution is the
mass production and widespread use of
digital logic circuits and its derived
technologies such as the computer,
headphones and the Internet.
Figure:- High Tech Electronics

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• Includes technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT) additive
manufacturing and autonomous vehicles.

• Coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of World Economic
Forum, in the year 2016.

• The technologies mentioned above are called – cyber physical systems.

• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by

computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the usage of
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
cont.…
• These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of
Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can
see it being implemented into our
smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that
give life to Autonomous Vehicles and
Automated Robots.
Figure:- Anybody Connected device (ABCD)

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Comparison of IR1.0, IR2.0, IR3.0 and
IR4.0

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Comparison cont’d…

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IR cont’d…

Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed

and transfer the world around us into modern society.

 The steam engine,

 The age of science and mass production, and

 The rise of digital technology

 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset.
• It drives or even determines the future of science, technology, economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
• The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new debate about data-intensive
scientific discovery as an emerging technology.
• The potential of data science and analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy, and
professional development is increasingly being recognized.
• This involves not only core disciplines:
 computing, informatics, and statistics

 business, social science, and health/medical science

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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
Four basic kinds of devices:
• Memory
Store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet or database.
• Microprocessors
Execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a
word processing program or video game
• Logic
Device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display,
timing and control operations
• Networks
Collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals,
other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
cont.…
• Programmable devices usually referred
as chips.
It incorporates:
 Field programmable logic devices
(FPGAS)
 Complex programmable logic devices
(CPLD)
 Programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog
equivalent of these called field
programmable analog arrays.

Figure :- Programmable device

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 Programmable Devices

Factory Programmable device Field Programmable Device

ROM MPGA
(Mask SPLD(Simple FPGA(Field
(Read only CPLD(Complex Prog Programmable Gate
Programmable Gate Prog ,Logic device) .Logic Device)
Memory) Array)
Array)

PROM(Programmab
PLA(Programmable PAL(Programmable GAL(Generic Array
le Read only
Logic Array ) Array Logic ) Logic)
Memory)

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 Programmable devices
cont.…
 List of some Programmable devices
Achronix Speedster SPD60
Actel’s
Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
Silicon Blue Technologies
Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
Xmos Semiconductor L series
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
cont.…
 full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling Devices
(SEDs), which can include:
Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
Modems
Routers
Switches
Conferencing equipment
Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
Hosting equipment and servers

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 Human-machine interaction (HMI)
• Communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a user interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained increasing attention
as they allow humans to control machines through natural and intuitive behaviors.
• The study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are
or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings is called human-
computer interaction.
As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
I. The user
II. The computer
III. The ways they work together

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 Human-machine interaction (HMI)
cont.…
User interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as
displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
User interacts with the computer over this software interface using the given input
and output (I/O) hardware.
Goal
Improve the interaction between users and computers by making computers more
user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
Advantages
Simplicity
Ease of deployment & operations
cost savings for smaller set-ups
 Reduce solution design time
Integration complexity
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 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Cognitive psychology:- Limitations, information processing, performance prediction,

cooperative working and capabilities

Computer science:- Including graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user interface

management systems.

Linguistics:- Including natural language interfaces

 Engineering and design:- Engineering principles and Graphic design

 Artificial intelligence:- Intelligent software

 Human factors:- Display readability and Hardware design

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
5G
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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Questions

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