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Trigonometry

The document discusses trigonometry and its applications. It defines trigonometric functions and ratios and how they relate the sides and angles of a right triangle. It also covers measuring angles in degrees and radians, the unit circle, solving for unknown sides or angles, and applications of trigonometry such as measuring inaccessible lengths.

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nilukaliyanage1993
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22 views

Trigonometry

The document discusses trigonometry and its applications. It defines trigonometric functions and ratios and how they relate the sides and angles of a right triangle. It also covers measuring angles in degrees and radians, the unit circle, solving for unknown sides or angles, and applications of trigonometry such as measuring inaccessible lengths.

Uploaded by

nilukaliyanage1993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIGONOMETRY

Introduction
• Trigonometry deals with the measurements of angles and side of a
triangle.
• Usually, trigonometry is considered for the right-angled triangle.
• Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the
relationships between the sides and angles of triangles. It has wide
applications in various fields, including physics, engineering, computer
science, and more.
Right-angled triangle
• A right triangle or right-angled triangle, sometimes called an
orthogonal triangle or rectangular triangle, is a triangle in which two
sides are perpendicular, forming a right angle (1⁄4 turn or 90 degrees).
UNDERSTAND HOW ANGLES ARE
MEASURED
• Angles are formed by an initial side and a terminal side. An
initial side is said to be in standard position when it’s vertex
is located at the origin and the ray goes along the positive x
axis.
• An angle is measured by the amount of rotation from the
initial side to the terminal side. A positive angle is made by a
rotation in the counter clockwise direction and a negative
angle is made by a rotation in the clockwise direction.
• Angles can be measured two ways:
1. Degrees
2. Radians
Degrees
• A circle is comprised of 360°, which is called one revolution

• Degrees are used primarily to describe the size of an angle.


• The real mathematician is the radian, since most computations are done in
radians.
Radians
• 1 revolution measured in radians is 2π, where π is the constant
approximately 3.14.

How can we convert between the two you ask?


• Easy, since 360° = 2π radians (1 revolution)
• Then, 180° = π radians
• So that means that 1° = 𝜋 radians /180
Unit Circle
The Unit Circle is a circle that is
centered at the origin and always
has a radius of 1. The unit circle
will be helpful to us later when we
define the trigonometric ratios.
Practice Problems
Solutions
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
• Definitions of trig ratios and functions
• In Trigonometry there are six trigonometric ratios that relate the angle measures
of a right triangle to the length of its sides. (Remember a right triangle contains a
90° angle)
• A right triangle can be formed from an initial side x and a terminal side r, where r
is the radius and hypotenuse of the right triangle. (see figure below)
• The Pythagorean Theorem tells us that + = , therefore
r= .
𝜃 (theta) is used to label a non-right angle. The six trigonometric functions can be
used to find the ratio of the side lengths. The six functions are sine (sin), cosine
(cos), tangent (tan), cosecant (csc), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot). Below you will
see the ratios formed by these functions.
Find the value of trig functions given an
angle measure
• Suppose you know the value of 𝜃 is 45°,
how can this help you find the values of
the six trigonometric functions?
• First way: You can familiarize yourself
with the unit circle we talked about.
• An ordered pair along the unit circle (x, y) can also be known as (cos 𝜃,
sin 𝜃), since the r value on the unit circle is always 1. So to find the trig
function values
• for 45° you can look on the unit circle and easily see that

• With that information we can easily find the values of the reciprocal
functions

• We can also find the tangent and cotangent function values using the
quotient identities
Find a missing side length given an angle
measure
• Suppose you are given an angle measure and a side length, can you
find the remaining side lengths?
• Yes. You can use the trig functions to formulate an equation to find
missing side lengths of a right triangle.
Find an angle measure using trig functions
• if you have the trig ratio, but you are asked to find the angles
measure? These are your inverse trigonometric functions, also known
as arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent.
Practice Problems
USING DEFINITIONS AND FUNDAMENTAL
IDENTITIES OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
Complementary Angle Theorem
• If two acute angles add up to be 90°, they are considered
complimentary. The following are considered cofunctions:
-sine and cosine
-tangent and cotangent
-secant and cosecant
• The complementary angle theorem says that cofunctions of
complimentary angles are equal.
sin 54° = cos 36°
Applications
• Measuring inaccessible lengths
◦ Height of a building (tree, tower, etc.)
◦ Width of a river (canyon, etc.)
Angle of Elevation
• It is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is
above the horizontal level,
i.e., the case when we raise our head to look at the object.
Angle of Depression
• It is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is
below the horizontal level,
i.e., the case when we lower our head to look at the object.
Example
To establish the height of a building, a person walks 120 ft away from
the building.
At that point an angle of elevation of is formed when looking at the
top of the building.

H = 74.98 ft
Example
• An observer on top of a hill measures an angle of depression of 68
when looking at a truck parked in the valley below.
If the truck is 55 ft from the base of the hill, how high is the hill?

H = 136.1 ft
Example
• Road has a grade of 5.5%.Convert this to an angle expressed in
degrees.

A=

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