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Lab 9

The document discusses continuous random variables and the normal distribution. It defines characteristics of continuous probability distributions and explains concepts like the normal distribution, standard normal distribution, finding probabilities and areas under the normal curve, converting x values to z-scores, and provides examples of solving related problems.

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18 views24 pages

Lab 9

The document discusses continuous random variables and the normal distribution. It defines characteristics of continuous probability distributions and explains concepts like the normal distribution, standard normal distribution, finding probabilities and areas under the normal curve, converting x values to z-scores, and provides examples of solving related problems.

Uploaded by

ahmedtarek544a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability and statistics


CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES AND THE NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Two characteristics

1. The probability that x assumes a value in any interval lies

in the range 0 to 1
2. The total probability of all the (mutually exclusive – no

relation) intervals within which x can assume a value of 1.0


Area under a curve between two points
Total area under a probability distribution
curve.
Probability that x lies in the interval 65 to 68
inches. (“from” & “between” difference)
The probability of a single value of x is zero.
Case study - Distribution of Time Taken to Run a
Road Race
Normal Probability Distribution
• A normal probability distribution , when plotted, gives a
bell-shaped curve such that:
• The total area under the curve is 1.0.
• The curve is symmetric about the mean.
• The two tails of the curve extend indefinitely.
Standard normal distribution.
• The normal distribution with μ = 0 and σ = 1 is called the
standard normal distribution.
Example
• Find the following areas under the standard normal curve.
a) Area to the right of z = 2.32
b) Area to the left of z = -1.54
Solution a (Area to the right (+ve))
• To find the area to the right of z=2.32, first we find the area to
the left of z=2.32.
• Then we subtract this area from 1.0, which is the total area
under the curve.
• The required area is 1.0 - .9898 = .0102.
Solution b
• To find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-1.54,
• This area is .0618.
• Area to the left of -1.54 = P (z < -1.54) =.0618
Example 2
 Find the following probabilities for the standard normal curve.
a) P (1.19 < z < 2.12)
b) P (-1.56 < z < 2.31)
c) P (z > -.75)
Solution a)
P (1.19 < z < 2.12)
= Area between 1.19 and 2.12
= .9830 - .8830
= .1000
b) P (-1.56 < z < 2.31)
= Area between -1.56 and 2.31
= .9896 - .0594
= .9302
c) P (z > -.75)
= Area to the right of -.75
= 1.0 - .2266
= .7734
Converting an x Value to a z Value

For a normal random variable x, a particular value of x can be


converted to its corresponding z value by using the formula

x
z

where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the
normal distribution of x, respectively.
Example

 Let x be a continuous random variable that has a normal


distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
Convert the following x values to z values and find the
probability to the left of these points.
a) x = 55

b) x = 35
Solution
a) x = 55

x 55  50
z   .50
 10
P(x < 55) = P(z < .50) = .6915
Solution
b) x = 35

x  35  50
z   1.50
 10

P(x < 35) = P(z < -1.50) = .0668


Let x be a continuous random variable that has a normal
distribution with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 12.
Find the area under the normal distribution curve
a) from x = 70 to x = 135
70  80
z  .83
• For x = 70: 12
135  80
z  4.58
• For x = 135: 12

• P (70 ≤ x ≤ 135) = P (-.83 ≤ z ≤ 4.58)


• = 1 - .2033
= .7967 approximately
Area between x = 70 and x = 135.
Application Example

• According to a Sallie Mae and credit bureau data, in 2008, college


students carried an average of $3173 debt on their credit cards
(USA TODAY, April 13, 2009). Suppose that current credit card
debts for all college students have a normal distribution with a
mean of $3173 and a standard deviation of $800. Find the
probability that credit card debt for a randomly selected college
student is between $2109 and $3605.
Solution
• For x = $2109: 2109  3173
z  1.33
800
• For x = $3605: 3605  3173
z  .54
800
• P ($2109 < x < $3605)
= P (-1.33 < z < .54)
= .7054 - .0918
= .6136 = 61.36%
Any Questions?

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