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M1 Lecture6

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17 views10 pages

M1 Lecture6

Research paper

Uploaded by

forlogin830
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Multiplexing and Spread Spectrum

• Multiplexing is a technique used in the area of electronics and signal


processing.
• In mobile computing, telecommunications and computer networks,
Multiplexing is a method that can be used to combine multiple analog
or digital signals into one signal over a shared medium.
Key points of Multiplexing
• Multiplexing is a technique that allows multiple simultaneous analogs
or digital signal transmission across a single data link.
• The main motive behind the development of Multiplexing is to
provide simple and easy communication, proper resource sharing and
its utilization. This is the best way to utilize and share a limited
resource equally among multiple devices.
Multiplexing can be classified into the following four types:

• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

• Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)

• Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)


Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• Frequency division multiplexing or FDM is inherently an analog technology.
• In Frequency Division Multiplexing, the frequency dimension spectrum is
split into smaller frequency bands. It combines several smaller distinct
frequency ranges signals into one medium and sends them over a single
medium. In FDM, the signals are electrical signals.
• FDM's most common applications are a traditional radio or television
broadcasting, mobile or satellite stations, or cable television.
• For example: In cable TV, you can see that only one cable is reached to the
customer's locality, but the service provider can send multiple television
channels or signals simultaneously over that cable to all customers without
any interference. The customers have to tune to the appropriate frequency
(channel) to access the required signal.
• In FDM, several frequency bands can work simultaneously without any time
constraint.
Advantages of FDM
• The concept of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) applies to both
analog signals and digital signals.
• It facilitates you to send multiple signals simultaneously within a
single connection.
Disadvantages of FDM
• It is less flexible.
• In FDM, the bandwidth wastage may be high.
Usage
• It is used in Radio and television broadcasting stations, Cable TV etc.
• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
• The Time Division Multiplexing or (TDM) is a digital or analog
technology (in rare cases) that uses time, instead of space or
frequency, to separate the different data streams.
• It is used for a specific amount of time in which the whole spectrum is
used.
• The Time frames of the same intervals are divided so that you can
access the entire frequency spectrum at that time frame.
Advantages of TDM:
• It facilitates a single user at a time.
• It is less complicated and has a more flexible architecture.
Disadvantages of TDM
• It isn't easy to implement.
• Usage
• It is mainly used in telephonic services.
Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)
• The Code Division Multiplexing or (CDM) allots a unique code to
every channel so that each of these channels can use the same
spectrum simultaneously at the same time.
Advantages of CDM
•It is highly efficient.
•It faces fewer Inferences.
Disadvantages of CDM
•The data transmission rate is low.
•It is complex.
Usage
•It is mainly used in Cell Phone
Spectrum Technology (2G, 3G
etc.).
Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)
• The Space Division Multiplexing or (SDM) is called a combination of Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).
• It passes messages or data-parallel with the use of specific frequency at a
specific. It means a particular channel will be used against a specific frequency
band for some amount of time.
Advantages of SDM
• In SDM, the data transmission rate is high.
• It uses Time and Frequency bands at its maximum potential.
Disadvantages of SDM
• An inference may occur.
• It faces high inference losses.
Usage
• It is used in GSM (Global Service for Mobile) Technology.
• Military Communication .

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