Lecture

No
(10)
PAL

* Introduction
Explain about array
* Declaring Arrays
the * Examples Using
2 Hours
arrays Arrays
* Multiple-
structure Subscripted Arrays
 Arrays
•Arrays
– Group of consecutive memory locations
– Same name and type

–Generic declaration:
typename variablename[size]

» typename is any type

» variablename is any legal variable name
» size is a number the compiler can figure
out
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 Arrays

–For example
int a[10];
– Defines an array of int with subscripts
ranging from 0 to 9
– There are 10*sizeof(int) bytes of memory
reserved for this array.

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 Arrays
Name of array (Note that
all elements of this array
have the same name, a)

–Format: a[0] -45

6
• arrayname[ position number ]
a[1]
a[2] 0

• First element at position 0 a[3] 72

a[4] 1543
a[5] -89
a[6] 0

–n element array named c: a[7]

a[8]
62
-3
•a[ 0 ], a[ 1 ]...a[ n – 1 ] a[9] 1

Position number of
the element
within array a
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 Arrays
•Array elements are like normal variables
– You can use a[0]=10; x=a[2]; a[3]=a[2]; etc.
– You can use print("%d", a[9]);
– You can use scanf("%d", &a[3]);

–Perform operations in subscript. If x

equals 3
• a[ 5 - 2 ] == a[ 3 ] == a[ x ]
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 Declaring Arrays

•Declaring multiple arrays of same type

–Format similar to regular variables
–Example:
int b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ];
float myArray[ 3284 ],z[20];

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 Using Arrays

•Array consist of many values, so we need

loop to perform any operations on it.
•for(i=0;i<10;i++)
– Scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

•for(i=0;i<10;i++)
– printf(“%d”, a[i]);
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 Using Arrays Example
Write a program to input values into an
array and display them
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int main() { int arr[5],i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{ printf(“enter a value for arr[%d] \n”,i);
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);
}
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 Using Arrays Example
printf(“the array elements are: \n”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{printf(“%d\t”,arr[i]);}
return 0;
}

10
 Initializing Arrays

•Initialization of arrays can be done by a

comma separated list following its definition.
– For example:
int array [4] = { 100, 200, 300, 400 };

This is equivalent to:

int array [4];
array[0] = 100;
array[1] = 200;
array[2] = 300;
array[3] = ‫النجاح‬
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Initializing Arrays

– You can also let the compiler figure out the

array size for you:
– If size omitted, initializers determine it
int array[] = { 100, 200, 300, 400};

–If not enough initializers, rightmost

elements become 0
int n[ 5 ] = { 0 }

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Initializing Arrays
–If the number of initializers is more than
the size given in brackets then the
compiler will show an error.
int arr[5]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};//error
–we cannot copy all the elements of an
array to another array by simply assigning
it to the other array like,
int a[5] ={1,2,3,4,5},b[5];
b=a;//not valid
(note:-here we will have to copy all
the elements of array one by one,
using for loop.)
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 Example
Program that input temperatures of
week days and then compute the average
float temper[7],sum;
int day;
for(day=0;day < 7;day++)
{ printf(“Enter temperature for day
%d”,day+1);
scanf(“%f”,&temper[day]);
sum =sum +temper[day];}
printf(“Average =%f”,sum/7);
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 Example
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
float expenses[12]={10.3, 9, 7.5, 4.3, 10.5, 7.5,
7.5, 8, 9.9, 10.2, 11.5, 7.8};
int count,month;
float total;
for (month=0, total=0.0; month < 12; month++)
{
total =total + expenses[month];
}
 Example
for (count=0; count < 12; count++)
printf ("Month %d = %.2f\n", count+1,
expenses[count]);

printf("Total = %.2f, Average = %.2f\n", total,

total/12);
return 0;
}
 Using Constants

–useful to define arrays using constants

#define MONTHS 12
int array [MONTHS];

–However, in ANSI C, you cannot

int n;
scanf(“%d”, &n);
int array[n];

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 Example
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 10
int main()
{
int i,j,n[SIZE]={19,3,15,7,11,9,13,5,17,1};
printf( "%s%13s%17s\n","Element", "Value",
"Histogram" );
for(i=0;i<=SIZE-1;i++ ) {
printf( "%7d %13d", i, n[ i ]);
for(j=1;j<=n[i];j++) /* print one bar */
printf( "%c", '*' );
printf( "\n" );
}
return 0;
}
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‫‪Program Output‬‬

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 Example
Program that demonstratesarrays
int arr[100]; // make array
int nElems = 0; // number of items
int j; // loop counter
int searchKey; // key of item to search for
//------------------------------------------------
arr[0] = 77; // insert 10 items arr[1] = 99;
arr[2] = 44;
arr[3] = 55;
arr[4] = 22;
arr[5] = 88;
arr[6] = 11;
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 arr[7] = 00;
arr[8] = 66;
arr[9] = 33;
nElems = 10;// now 10 items in array
//------------------------------------------------
for(j=0; j<nElems; j++) // display items
printf( "%d ",arr[j]);
printf("");
//------------------------------------------------
searchKey = 66; // find item with key 66
for(j=0; j<nElems; j++)
if(arr[j] == searchKey) // found item?
break;// yes, exit before end
if(j == nElems) // at the end?
printf("\nCan't find %d",searchKey); //yes
else ‫ ما الفشل إال هزيمة مؤقتة تصنع لك فرص النجاح‬.
printf("\nFound %d", searchKey); // no
//------------------------------------------------
searchKey = 55; // delete item with key 55
for(j=0; j<nElems; j++) // look for it
if(arr[j] == searchKey)
break;
for(int k=j; k<nElems; k++)/*move higher ones
down*/
arr[k] = arr[k+1];
nElems--; // decrement size
printf("\n");
//--------------------------------------
for(j=0; j<nElems; j++)//display items
printf("%d ", arr[j]);
printf("");
‫ ما الفشل إال هزيمة مؤقتة تصنع لك فرص النجاح‬.
‫‪Output‬‬

‫‪77 99 44 55 22 88 11 0 66 33‬‬
‫‪Found 66‬‬
‫‪77 99 44 22 88 11 0 66 33‬‬

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 Multidimensional
Arrays
• Arrays in C can have virtually as many
dimensions as you want.

• Definition is accomplished by adding

additional subscripts when it is defined.
 Multidimensional
Arrays
• We can say 2-d array is a collection of 1-
D array placed one below the other.
– Data-type array name[row][column];
– Total no. of elements in 2-D array is
calculated as row*column
• For example:
– int a [4] [3] ;
• defines a two dimensional array
• a is an array of int[3];
 Multidimensional Array
Example
• int a[2][3];
• For example:-
20 2 7
8 3 15
Positions of 2-D array elements in an array
are as below a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2]
a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2]

•In memory:
 Multiple-Subscripted
Arrays
•For processing 2-d array,we use two
nested for loops.The outer for loop
corresponds to the row and the inner
ccorresponds to the column
•For Example

int a[4][5];

‫ ما الفشل إال هزيمة مؤقتة تصنع لك فرص النجاح‬.

 Multiple-Subscripted
Arrays
•For processing 2-d array,we use two
nested for loops. The outer for loop
corresponds to the row and the inner
corresponds to the column
•For Example
int a[4][5];
•for reading values:-
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
 Multiple-Subscripted
Arrays
•for displaying value:-
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
printf(“%d \t”,a[i][j]);
printf(“\n”);
}
 Initializing
Multidimensional Arrays
• The following initializes a[4][3]:
int a[4] [3] = { {1, 2, 3} , { 4, 5, 6} , {7, 8, 9} ,
{10, 11, 12} };
• Also can be done by:
int a[4] [3] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
};
– is equivalent to
a[0][0] = 1; a[0][1] = 2; a[0][2] = 3;
a[1][0] = 4; a[1][1] = 5; a[1][2] = 6;
a[2][0] = 7; a[2][1] = 8; a[2][2] = 9;