Cell Biology Bacterial Cell

Section 1- Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic
Cells
Animal Bacterial
Structure Function
Cells Plant Cells Cells
Contains the genetic information that controls
1. Nucleus
the functions of the cell. Y Y
2. Cell Membrane Controls what enters & leaves the cell. Y Y Y
Where many cell activities & reactions
3 Cytoplasm Y Y Y
happen.
4 Mitochondria Releases energy from aerobic respiration. Y Y
Section 3- Microscopy
5 Ribosomes Make proteins- site of protein synthesis. Y Y Y
Tells you how many times bigger a microscope makes an object.
6 Chloroplast Where photosynthesis occurs. Y 17 Magnification Magnification = length of magnified object ÷ length of actual
Use to store water & other chemicals as cell object
7 Vacuole Y The ability of a microscope to distinguish between 2 separate
sap. 18 Resolution
Strengthens & supports the cell (made of points.
8 Cell Wall Y Y
cellulose in plants) 19 Light Microscope A basic microscope, using light. Can magnify objects ×1500
9 Loose DNA A loop of DNA NOT in a nucleus. Y A microscope which uses electrons, to magnify images more
A small circle of DNA, may contain genes 20 Electron Microscope than a light microscope. Gives greater detail. Can magnify
10 Plasmid Y objects ×2,000,000
associated with antibiotic resistance.

Section 2- Specialised Cells

Specialised Cell How structure relates to function

Acrosome contains enzyme to break into egg, tail to swim. Many
11 Sperm Cell
mitochondria to provide energy.
12 Nerve Cell Long to transmit electrical impulses across a distance.
Contain protein fibres that contract when energy is available, making
13 Muscle Cell Section 4- Orders of Magnitude
the cells shorter.
Long extension to provide a large surface area for water & mineral
14 Root Hair Cell Unit Prefix Size in Metres
absorption- thin cell wall.
Centimetre (cm) 0.01m 100 cm= 1m
15 Xylem Cell Waterproofed cell wall, cells are hollow to allow water through.
Millimetre (mm) 0.001m 1000 mm= 1m
Some cell shave a lot of mitochondria to give energy for active Micrometre (µm) 0.000001m 1000000 µm = 1m
16 Phloem Cell transport. Some cells have little cytoplasm for sugars to move through Nanometre (nm) 0.000000001m 1000000000 nm = 1m
easily.