Personality Development

&
It’s Components

Chapter 1
 Objectives:

1. Understand the meaning of personality

2. Recognize the importance of personality development
3. Know the different determinants of personality, traits and
how to avoid different personality disorders
Have you ever looked at
yourself in the mirror?
What is Personality?
There are several definitions of personality. Among these are the following:

1. Personality is the conglomeration of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, emotions,

attitudes, intelligence, interests and abilities.

2. Personality is the combination of traits patterns that play a vital role in the behavior,
motivations, emotions and thinking of the individual.

3. The term “personality” came from the Latin word ‘persona’, which means “mask.” It is
what people project which includes the inner areas of psychological experience which
we collectively call as our ‘self’.
What is Personality?
5.Personality is generally a summation of overt and covert behavior. Overt behavior
includes those traits that are readily available to the eye, it is what the person
desires others to see, while covert behavior is those that ‘more than meet the eye’.
These are the traits and characteristics that are hidden for some reason.

6. Personality also influences what we think, our beliefs, values and expectation.
These are the personal qualities and characteristics of an individual.
What is Personality Development?
Personality development is defined as a process of developing
and enhancing one’s personality. Personality development
helps an individual to gain confidence and high self esteem.

It consists of activities that develop a person’s capabilities and

potential, build human capital, facilitate employability and
enhance quality of life. –Wikipedia
Every individual has his own characteristic way of behaving,
responding to emotions, perceiving things and looking into
the world.

No two individuals are similar.

The importance of Personality Development helps you gain
recognition and acceptance from the society as well as the
people around. It includes behavioral characteristics both
inherent or acquired and distinguish one person from
another. Your looks can’t make you interesting. Being
interesting is how you grab people’s attention.
Personality doesn’t fade away
Good looks don’t last. Eventually you grow old and gray; nothing can stop
that. What makes personality important is the fact that it will stick with you,
even when you’re an old, old man or woman. It will even stay with you after
you die. No one remembers someone who passed away by thinking about
how handsome they were.
Importance of Personality
Development
• Grooms an individual and helps him make a mark of his own
– Do not blindly copy others
– Set an example of the people around
– It does not only make you look good and presentable but helps
you face the world with a smile
Importance of Personality
Development
• It reduces stress and conflicts
– Look at the brighter side of life
– Face even a worst situation with a smile
Importance of Personality
Development
• Helps you develop a positive attitude in life
– Instead of criticizing, analyze the whole situation
– Try to find a solution to the problem
– With a negative attitude, finds problem in every situation
Importance of Personality
Development
• Plays an important role in developing not only your outer
but also inner self
– Strong inner self means that you can cope well with your
emotions, self aware, have clarity and good sense of values
Importance of Personality
Development
• Helps individuals to inculcate positive qualities like
punctuality, flexible attitude, willingness to learn, friendly
nature, eagerness to help others and so on
Personality development tips
• Smile a lot
• Think positive
• Dress sensibly
• Be soft- spoken
• Evaluate yourself
Personality development tips
• Avoid back stabbing and criticizing people
• Help others
• Develop confidence
• Be patient listener/ a good communicator
Structure of Personality

Sigmund Freud believed that an individual’s personality

has three parts and thus is often called as tripartite
personality.

•ID
•Ego
•Super Ego
Structure of Personality
Why do we study structure of personality?

Understanding personality allows psychologists to predict how people

will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and
value. To get a sense of how researchers study personality psychology, it
will be helpful to learn more about some of the most influential
personality theories.
Structure of Personality
Involves things that
you are aware of

Reservoir of feelings,
thoughts or memories
Structure of Personality

Sigmund Freud is an Austrian Neurologist and the

founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for
evaluating and treating pathologies.

Pathology is the study of the causes

and effects of disease or injury.
Id
• Is the most primitive and is mainly concerned with the instant
gratification of physiological needs and urges. It is the pleasure-
oriented side of one’s persona.
• An individual who seek immediate pleasure in order to satisfy
their biological and psychological needs without taking into
consideration
• Part of the mind that responds immediately to wants and
desires
Ego
• Is rational and realistic area of the system. The ego is the “self” and it
resolves the conflict between “id” and “superego”. It maintains the balance
and the “homeostasis’ between two opposing system within one’s persona.
• The ego operates based on the reality principle, which works to satisfy the
id's desires in a manner that is realistic and socially appropriate. For
example, if a person cuts you off in traffic, the ego prevents you from
chasing down the car and physically attacking the offending driver
• Decision- making part of the mind
Superego
• Is the moral arm of one’s persona. Sometimes it is termed as
“conscience” which serves as gauge to measure how we
fare in relation to societal expectations. It reiterates on the
good of everyone else over one’s own pleasure.
The ID, Ego, Super Ego
• ID Unconscious. Pleasure oriented and selfish.

• Ego Conscious. Driven by reality principle.

Decision making personality

• Super Ego Develops through socialization.

Concerned with morality, right or wrong.
Determinants of Personality
Following are the factors which help in shaping one’s
personality:
1. Heredity

Heredity refers to factors that are determined once an

individual is born. An individual’s physique, attractiveness,
body type, complexion, body weight depend on his/her
parents biological makeup.
2. Environment
The environment to which an individual is subjected to during
his growing years plays an important role in determining
his/her personality. The varied cultures in which we are
brought up and our family backgrounds have a crucial role in
shaping our personalities
3. Situation
An individual’s personality also changes with current
circumstances and situations.
Basic Personality Traits
• Big Five Personality Traits is also known as the 5-factor
model of personality- developed in 1949 by D.W. Fiske
1. Openness to experience - this trait means that a person is
open to possible experiences and learning which connotes
wide interests, curiosity, flexibility, vivid fantasy, artistic
sensitivity, high motivation, creativity innovativeness and
unconventional attitudes. This trait also shows conformity to
the standards of the society and community and resilience in
times of adversity.
2. Conscientiousness
- People who are have this trait listen to their conscience and
act accordingly.
-Extremely cautious and self disciplined/ focus on the details
-They never perform task in haste but thinks twice before
acting
-Finish tasks right away
3. Extraversion and introversion
a.Extraversion- individuals that show more concern towards
what is happening outside. Such individuals love interacting with
people around and are generally talkative.
b.Introversion- Such individuals do not bother others and are
seldom interested in what is happening around. They prefer
staying back at home rather than going out and spending time
with friends.
4. Agreeableness
-this trait refers to being a person with much altruism and
benevolence meant for others. They empathize, sympathize and
cooperate a lot by volunteering themselves in any moment of
need. They are trusting, cooperative and highly dependable in
nature.
-they accommodate themselves to all situations and are friendly
and kind hearted.
4. Agreeableness
-Has a great deal of interest in other people
-Cares about others
-Feels empathy and concern for other people
-Enjoys helping and contributing to the happiness of other people
-Assists others who are in need of help
5. Neuroticism
-this trait connotes negativity as experiences are thought to be
full of sadness, hostility, self-conscious, insecure, vulnerable and
frustrated. The individual is highly anxious and nervous about
what will happen next.
-worry about many different things
-stressed and feels anxious
 What is your Personality Type?
• In 1950 Cardiologist Meyer Friedman and R.H. Rosenman
conducted a study on personality types. The two opposite
personality types namely Type A and Type B displayed
behavioral and emotional tendencies that become the
subject of the study.
Type A
• Type A personality is more likely to be preoccupied with
social status, accomplishment in life, and self-esteem. This
person is often domineering, impatient, and prone or quick
to anger.
• refers to a pattern of behavior and personality associated with
high achievement, competitiveness, and workaholic
Type A people mainly have the following behavior and outlook in life:
1. They are great at multitasking unrelated duties and jobs.
2. They are in a race to achieve higher goals.
3. They find it difficult to accept failure.
4. They feel like time is an opponent that they have to beat every day.
5. This severe sense of urgency makes them edgy.
6. Relaxation is difficult for them
7. They need to compete.
Type B
• Type B people have lower incidence of heart problems. They are
indulgent and tolerant. They also reported higher levels of satisfaction
in life.
• Type B people are relaxed, less stressed, flexible, emotional and
expressive, and have a laid-back attitude.
Typically, these people have the following characteristics:
1. They know their abilities and work steadily for their goals.
2. They enjoy their achievements.
3. They are not so stressed out to excel.
4. They enjoy games and competitions
5. They are reflective and innovative
6. They are easy go lucky
7. They are even-tempered
8. They typically live less stressful in lives.
Personality Disorder
• Refers to certain abnormalities in the behavior of individuals
• are conditions where an individual fails to behave in the
desired manner and his thought process and mindset are
not in line with the society’s norms and expectations
Personality Disorder
Why do we need to know about the personality disorder?
Having a personality disorder can make daily functioning, such as
participating in education, work and developing relationships- may become
extremely difficult. It is important that people with personality disorders learn
how to manage behavioural symptoms as early as possible to maintain a
healthy life.
Types of Personality Disorder
1. Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Individuals with paranoid personality disorder
mistrust others for no reason.
-They adopt suspicious attitude towards others.
-consider themselves unsafe wherever they go
-consider every single person as their enemy
Types of Personality Disorder
2. Schizoid Personality Disorder
-Finds socializing with others irrelevant and a mere
waste of time and energy.
-Such individuals do not believe in social relationship and
prefer isolation.
-They detach themselves in from the outside world and
are lost in their own small world.
Types of Personality Disorder
3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
-refers to a condition where individuals generally think
what is practically not possible
-has an odd behavior and easily get nervous in social
gatherings
-prefer staying at home
Types of Personality Disorder
4. Antisocial Personality Disorder
-do not value the rights of other individuals
-often disrespect other people around
-absolutely have no feelings or sentiments for others
-tends to develop hatred and jealousy to others
Types of Personality Disorder
5. Borderline Personality Disorder
-often suffer from extreme mood fluctuations
-always think in extremes and there is never a middle
way for them
-Such thinking is often called “Black and White Thinking”.
-tend to be extremely violent with personal relationship
Types of Personality Disorder
6. Histrionic Personality Disorder
-refers to a condition where individuals can actually go
to any limit to seek attention
-they do not mind adopting wrong ways like flirting,
seductive ways to make themselves popular
Types of Personality Disorder
7. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
-individuals who are only concerned about their own
image, pride, social status and often self obsessed
-thinks they are the most important person on earth and
no one else really exists
Types of Personality Disorder
8. Avoidant Personality Disorder
-feels ignored by others and fear being ridiculed by the
society
-fear interacting with others and feel that others are
making fun of him/her
Types of Personality Disorder
9. Dependent Personality Disorder
-individuals are extremely dependent on others
-often lacks self confidence
-dependent on others for their emotional needs
Types of Personality Disorder
10. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
-obsessed with discipline, perfectionism and orderliness
(obsession)
-urge to do something over and over again (compulsion)
-cleaning and handwashing
-hoarding
How does personality development important in the
Tourism and Hospitality Industry?
It teaches the employees to be calm, optimistic and serene in their poise and
this reclines the customer. Good posture speaks a lot about an individual.
Hospitality industry deals with taking care of the needs of the public and thus
it is important for all those people who work in this sector to focus on
building the right personality that would empower them succeed there.
Without this, it would trigger to dissatisfaction of customers.
Skills that the Hospitality Industry engraves which helps in
building the personality of an individual:
•Good communication
•Compassion
•Knowledge
•Good dressing and inner beauty
LET’S FACE IT.
• It is hard to do almost anything that will add meaning and value to
our lives. do not make choices based in what is easy and
comfortable, but make choices based on the impact that choice will
have upon your future.

• As famous writer and speaker Zig Zigla said. "You don't pay the price
for success; you enjoy the benefits of success. but you actually pay
the price for failure."
END.. THANK YOU!