Conditional

Sentence
Dra. Agustin R. Lakawa, M.S., Ph.D.
 Conditional Sentence
The Zero The First
01. Conditional
It’s used when the result
02. Conditional
It's used to talk about
will always happen. things, which might
happen in the future.

The Second The Third

03. Conditional
It’s used to talk about things in the
04. Conditional
It’s used to describe a
future that are probably not going situation that didn't
to be true, or to talk about
happen, and to imagine
something in the present, which is
impossible, because it's not true.
the result of this
situation.
 01. The Zero Conditional
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs
(one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If + present simple, .... present simple.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water
reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not
about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main
clause.
The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing
the meaning.
 01. The Zero Conditional
For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be
a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me,
maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts).
Here are some more examples:
• If people eat too much, they get fat.
• If you touch a fire, you get burned.
• People die if they don't eat.
• You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
• Snakes bite if they are scared.
• If babies are hungry, they cry.
 02. The First Conditional
The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in
the other clause:

If + present simple, .... will + infinitive.

It's used to talk about things, which might happen in the future. Of course,
we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible
things, which could easily come true.
 02. The First Conditional
Here are more examples:

• If it rains, I won't go to the park.

• If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
• If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
• She'll be late if the train is delayed.
• She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
• If I see her, I'll tell her.
 02. The First Conditional
First vs. Zero Conditional:

The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero

conditional describes what happens in general.
For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm
talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural
consequence of the sitting)
But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking
about what will happen today, another day might be different)
 02. The First Conditional
First vs. Second Conditional:

The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the
future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don't think
will really happen. It's subjective; it depends on my point of view.
For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I
think it's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass)
But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I
think that she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)
 03. The Second Conditional
The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the
infinitive:

If + past simple, ...would + infinitive.

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done
in formal writing).

It has two uses.

 03. The Second Conditional
First, we can use it to talk about things in the Second, we can use it to talk about something
future that are probably not going to be true. in the present, which is impossible, because
Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example. it's not true. Have a look at the examples:
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I
probably won't win the lottery) • If I had his number, I would call him. (I
• If I met the Queen of England, I would say don't have his number now, so it's
hello. impossible for me to call him).
• She would travel all over the world if she were • If I were you, I wouldn't go out
rich. with that man.
• She would pass the exam if she ever studied.
(She never studies, so this won't happen)
 03. The Second Conditional
How is this different from the first conditional?
This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because
this is a lot more unlikely.
For example (second conditional): If I had enough money, I would buy a house
with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have
this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)
But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's
much more likely that'll have enough money to buy some shoes)
 04. The Third Conditional
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then
'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:

If + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and
to imagine the result of this situation.
 04. The Third Conditional
Here are more examples:
• If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know
she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
• If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so
I did feel sick).
• If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
• She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
• She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
• He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at
nine.
Thank you
Any
questions?