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6 - Basic Formwork

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11 views36 pages

6 - Basic Formwork

Uploaded by

aaron.ten.tw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

AND ENGINEERING
SSUD71-313

Formwork

1
Formwork vs Falsework

Formwork
 A temporary structure (mould) that…
 Contains and supports concrete until concrete gains sufficient
strength to maintain its shape…and
 Prevents loss of moisture from plastic concrete, and also it…
 Reflects the final surface of concrete – hence used as a gauge for
concrete cover of reinforcement
 Once concrete reached sufficient strength, formwork is removed
(‘stripped’)
“It is what is in DIRECT contact with the concrete”
Formwork vs Falsework

Falsework
 It is the temporary support system for the formwork and the
concrete that it holds.

“It is NOT in direct contact with the concrete”

We will touch more on this in the coming slides…..


Formwork Systems
Horizontals - Beams and Slabs (decks)
 Conventional timber and ply deck with propping (Formply)
 Modular formwork
 Table (Flying) forms

Verticals – Core, Walls and Columns


 Conventional formwork Repetitive Cycle
 Modular formwork
verticals floor slab
TWO IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS*

 Formwork should have rigidity against


deflection after concrete is poured,
and…

 Strength to withstand bursting pressure


 Every ‘above ground’ element of a concrete structure is constructed
by erecting a temporary formwork structure, and later dismantling
and removing the formwork structure

 Formwork must be:


Formwork  Strong but lightweight
Characteristics  Easily erected and dismantled
 Easily handled
 Robust and durable
 Readily maintained and repaired
Formwork Performance

Strength: ability to withstand all loads during concrete placement (‘pouring’)


Stiffness: ability to withstand deformation under load
Watertightness: to prevent ‘bleeding’ of moisture from concrete
Accuracy: to provide accurate finished concrete dimensions and position
Safety: to provide a safe working environment for site workers (incl. access, platforms,
etc.)
Formwork Face Materials

Most Common:
1. Hardwood faced plywood – Class 2+
2. Steel – Class 1
3. Plastic – spiral wound (columns)
4. Cardboard – spiral wound (columns)
5. Fibreglass – complex shapes
Other:
Plastic faced ply (Formply), timber, polystyrene, etc.
Recommended On-Site practices for “Formply” to meet concrete surface
class:
1. Identifying damaged panels and removing them from use,
2. Ensuring all cut edges, holes and fixings are resealed prior to pouring, and;
3. Using a release agent to reduce water absorption through the formply face and make it
easier to remove the formply.
4. A 2mm expansion gap should be allowed with edge or face sealing tapes.
5. When on site, take care using concrete vibrators to ensure that the surface of the panel is
not damaged.
6. Form panels must be lowered, rather than dropped, to avoid face and edge damage.
7. The use of hot-dipped galvanised, alloy or stainless steel nails is recommended to prevent
staining.
8. Panels should be stored under cover when not in use and should NEVER be wrapped in
plastic.

Source: https://www.bigrivergroup.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/EWPAA-Fact-Sheet-Know-You
r-Formply-v5-Mar-17.pdf
Formwork Support Structure
Formwork supporting system:
 2 way framing grid
 Horizontal formwork: Joists and Bearers
 Vertical Formwork: Walers (H) and Soldiers (V)

Support Structure:
 For vertical concrete elements (walls and columns) – clamps, tie rods &
props
 For suspended horizontal elements (slabs and beams) – soffit falsework,
clamps, tie rods (some beams) & edge form props
BASIC BEAM FORMWORK EXAMPLE

Chamfer edge mould


Before we speak of column formwork we need to
understand the concept of BURSTING pressure …
SO WHAT IS BURSTING PRESSURE?

“Pressure Demo: Water Column.” Www.youtube.com, youtu.be/K5g6P8-GmBg. Accessed 2 Apr. 2022.


COLUMN FORMWORK

 Bursting pressure for columns is higher at the base of the


column formwork

 Accordingly, horizontal supports, called WALERS Are


placed closer together near the column base, unless the
walers are made of strong aluminium or steel
Column Formwork (Shutters)
WALL FORMWORK

 COMPONENTS
 Vertical “shutters” (plywood or steel)
 Vertical support studs
 Horizontal walers
 Spreaders? (usually wood)
 Ties
 Sloping shores or props
Wall Formwork (Shutters)
Ties
 Quite often plywood approx. 22mm thick

 Oiled on concrete-supporting surface to give


smooth finish
SLAB
 Usually supported by ‘Acrow’ prop falsework, or FORMWORK
propriety falsework

 Could be steel or other material


DISCUSSION

What are the relative advantages/disadvantages


of ply versus (say) steel for slab formwork?
Supporting beams trusses
Timber Extendable steel

Extendable steel tube props adjustable to various


SLAB heights, and lockable…
FALSEWOR
K

Prop manufacturers provide ‘safe load tables’


SLAB FALSEWORK

 Supporting beams trusses


 Timber
 Extendable steel

 Extendable steel tube props adjustable to various heights, and


lockable…

 Prop manufacturers provide ‘safe load tables’


 Dead load

 Live load?
FORMWORK
 Bursting forces DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
 Shock load from concrete placement

 After initial set – material and people etc. For work


on the slab.
Suspended Slabs
Suspended Slab (Deck) Formwork
Falsework (Shoring)
Temporary construction used to support
vertical loads for a structure until it becomes
self-supporting.
Falsework
STRIPPING FORMWORK

 RC walls, beams and columns may be stripped as soon as they achieve sufficient strength
to self-support without deformation.

 For beams, partial pre-stressing may be required.

 Early stripping (e.g. 24 hrs after pouring for walls and columns) demands appropriate
curing (due to large surface area encouraging concrete to dry too quickly).

 Might include water spraying, wrapping (plastic/insulation material etc.) or liquid curing
substance.
 Get engineers approval!!!

 Generally 4 days – 2 weeks depending on slab design (i.e.


STRIPPING SLAB stressed versus reinforced)
FORMWORK –
and  Even often stripping, back-propping is usually required
( often at same spacing as they were for formwork)
BACKPROPPING
 Back props are usually removed in stages ( i.e. every second
one initially etc.)
Back Propping

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