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Ppt2-Open Loop and Closed Loop Systems

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58 views12 pages

Ppt2-Open Loop and Closed Loop Systems

Uploaded by

iamdanishrathor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP

SYSTEMS
OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS
An open-loop control system takes input under the
consideration and does not react on the feedback to
obtain the output. This is why it is also called a non-
feedback control system.
There are no disturbances or variations and this system
and works on fix conditions.
OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS
For example, an electric clothes dryer. Depending upon the
amount of clothes or how wet they are, a user or operator
would set a timer (controller) to say 30 minutes and at the end
of the 30 minutes the drier will automatically stop and turn-off
even if the clothes where still wet or damp.
OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS
In an open-loop control system the output is neither
measured nor “fed back” for comparison with the
input. Therefore, an open-loop system is expected
to faithfully follow its input command or set point
regardless of the final result.
Also, an open-loop system has no knowledge of the
output condition so cannot self-correct any errors it
could make when the preset value drifts, even if this
results in large deviations from the preset value.
Practical Examples of Open Loop Control System

Electric Hand Drier – Hot air (output) comes out as long as you keep your
hand under the machine, irrespective of how much your hand is dried.
Automatic Washing Machine – This machine runs according to the pre- set
time irrespective of washing is completed or not. Bread Toaster - This
machine runs as per adjusted time irrespective of toasting is completed or
not.
Automatic Tea/Coffee Maker – These machines also function for pre
adjusted time only.
Timer Based Clothes Drier – This machine dries wet clothes for pre –
adjusted time, it does not matter how much the clothes are dried. Light
Switch – lamps glow whenever light switch is on irrespective of light is
required or not.
Volume on Stereo System – Volume is adjusted manually irrespective of
output volume level.
Examples of Open Loop Control System

Generally, we do not have to manipulate the open-loop block


diagram to calculate its actual transfer function. We can just
write down the proper relationships or equations from each
block diagram, and then calculate the final transfer function
from these equations as shown.
Examples of Open Loop Control System
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

A closed loop system is also referred as a feedback


control system. These systems record the output
instead of input and modify it according to the
need. It generates preferred condition of the
output as compared to the original one. It doesn’t
encounter any external or internal disturbances
Practical Examples of Closed Loop Control System

Automatic Electric Iron – Heating elements are controlled by output


temperature of the iron.
Servo Voltage Stabilizer – Voltage controller operates depending
upon output voltage of the system.
Water Level Controller– Input water is controlled by water level of
the reservoir.
Missile Launched & Auto Tracked by Radar – The direction of missile
is controlled by comparing the target and position of the missile.
An Air Conditioner – An air conditioner functions depending upon
the temperature of the room.
Cooling System in Car – It operates depending upon the
temperature which it controls
Comparison of Closed loop and Open loop Control
System
Advantages and Disadvantages of Open Loop Control
System

Advantages
Simple in construction and design.
Economical.
Easy to maintain.
Generally stable.
Convenient to use as output is difficult to measure.
Disadvantages
They are inaccurate
They are unreliable
Any change in output cannot be corrected automatically.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Closed Loop Control
System
Advantages
Closed loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of non-
linearity.
Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to presence of feedback
signal.
The sensitivity of system may be made small to make system more stable. This
system is less affected by noise.
Disadvantages
They are costlier. They are complicated to design.
Required more maintenance.
Feedback leads to oscillatory response.
Overall gain is reduced due to presence of feedback.
Stability is the major problem and more care is needed to design a stable
closed loop system.

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