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Reactions of Halogens

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MANIGANDAN PAZHANIMUTHU
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35 views9 pages

Reactions of Halogens

Uploaded by

MANIGANDAN PAZHANIMUTHU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REACTIONS OF HALOGENS

• Reactivity of halogens decreases down the


group.
• The halogens are oxidising agents
• The oxidising power of halogens decreases down
the group.
• The ionic half equation for chlorine acting as
oxidising agent is

• Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl -


• REACTION WITH METALS
• Halogens form metal halides
• Here the oxidation state of halogen is -1.
• Eg.2Fe +3Cl2 2FeCl3(iron to
iron(III))
• Fe +I2 FeI2 (iron to iron(II))
REACTIONS WITH PHOSPHORUS
• With a limited supply of chlorine
• 2P +3Cl2 2PCl3
• PCl3 +Cl2 PCl5
• With excess chlorine
• 2P +5Cl2 2PCl5
• Iodine on reaction with red allotrope of phosphorus
• 2P +3I2 2PI3
• PI3 + 3H2O 3HI + H3PO3
REACTION WITH SOLUTIONS OF OTHER HALIDES
• A halogen will displaces a less reactive halogen from one of
its salts.
• Chlorine is bubbled into a solution of potassium bromide.
• Chlorine oxidises the bromide ions .
• Cl2 (g) +2Br –(aq) Br2 (aq) + 2Cl-
• Half equations
• 2Br-(aq) Br2(aq) +2e- Cl2 (g) +2e- 2Cl-(aq)
• Chlorine replaces iodine from iodide
• Cl2 (g) +2I-(aq) I2 (S) +2Cl-(aq)
• Bromine also displaces iodine from iodides
REACTION WITH WATER

• Chlorine reacts with water to form an acidic


solution containing hydrochloric acid and
chloric acid.
• Cl2(aq)+H2O(l) H+ (aq)+Cl-(aq) +HOCl(aq)
• Bromine also reacts in a similar way
• Iodine doesnot reacts with water
REACTION WITH ALKALI
• At room temperature
• Cl,Br,I ..all reacts with cold aq.sodium hydroxide to produce a
mixture of halide and halate ion.
• Eg.Cl2 +2NaOH NaCl + NaOCl +H2O
• 0 -1 +1
• If a solution of chlorate ion is further heated leads to further
disproportionation and chlorate(v) ions are formed

-
• 3OCl (aq) - -
2Cl (aq) +ClO3 (aq)
• With hot alkali
• Here halogen is oxidised into +5 state

-
• 3Cl2(aq) + 6OH (aq) - -
5Cl (aq)+ClO3 (aq)+3H2O
REACTION WITH REDUCING AGENTS
• Chlorine and bromine oxidises iron(II) IONS TO iron(III)
• Cl2(aq)+2e- 2Cl-(aq)
• Fe2+(aq) Fe3+(aq)+e-
• Overall reaction
• Cl2(aq) +2Fe2+(aq) 2Cl-(aq) +2Fe3+(aq)
• In the case of iodine iodide ions are oxidised byFe3+ ions
to iodine
• 2I-(aq)+2Fe3+(aq) I2(s) +2Fe2+(aq)
• Iodine can be tested by addition of starch.....intense blue
colour wiil be obtained
REACTION WITH SODIUM THIOSULPHATE

• Chlorine and bromine oxidises sulfur in thiosulfate to the +6


state in sulfate SO4 2-
• 4Cl2(aq) +S2O3(aq)+5H2O(l ) 8Cl-(aq)+2SO4 2(aq)+10H+
• The total change in oxidation number of sulfur is +8,
• Iodine oxidises thiosulfate ions to tetrathionate ions.
• I2(aq) +2SO32-(aq) 2I-(aq)+S4O6 2-(aq)

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