ORAL

COMMUNICATION
First Quarter – First Semester
 UNIT I
Nature and Elements of Communication
LESSON 1 Fundamentals of
Learning Competencies
a.
Communication
Explain the nature and process of communication:
b. Differentiate various models of communication:
c. Discuss functions of communication:
d. Distinguish the unique features of communication process from the other:
e. Practice effective verbal and nonverbal communication during social interactions:
f. Explain why there is a breakdown of communication:
g. Apply strategies in overcoming communication breakdowns:
h. Practice effective communication skills:
i. Evaluate the effectiveness of an oral communication:
j. Practice learning and thinking skills, life skills, and ICT literacy: and
k. Reflect on your learning on the fundamentals of communication.
 LET’S WARM UP!

1. Form groups of four to five members.

2. Create a two-minute group presentation that reflects
your understanding of what “communication” is about.
3. Be creative.
4. You have 5 minutes to prepare.
LET’S WORK AND LEARN
LAST ONE STANDING
Stand up. Think one fact that you know about
communication and share it with everyone.
Once you have shared something, you can sit
down and listen to what the rest of the class
has to share. The goal is to avoid being the
last one standing.
 What is COMMUNICATION?

• It is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information

from one person to another within and across channels, media and
cultures.
• There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which
communication can be manifested; it can be a face-to-face
interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a meeting or
interview, a class recitation, and many more.
 Nature of Communication

3. Communication can
1. be expressed through
words (verbal),
Communication actions (nonverbal),
is a process. 2. Communication or both at the same
occurs between two time.
or more people.(the
speaker and the
receiver)
 Elements of Communication
Speaker Encoding

Message

Receiver
Elements of Communication
Barrier Feedback
Decoding

Channel

Context
 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION EXAMPLE
The speaker generates an idea. Daphne loves Rico as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into She thinks of how to tell him using their native
words or actions. language.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message. She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.”

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message based He tries to analyse what she means, and he is
on the context. heartbroken.

The receiver sends or provides feedback. He frowns and does not say something, because he is
in pain.
 MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Shannon-Weaver Model
• Known as the mother of all communication models
• Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way
process consisting of five elements:
1. a source (producer of message);
2. a transmitter (encoder of message into signals);
3. a channel (signals adapted for transmission);
4. a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and
5. a destination.
1. Shannon-Weaver Model
Channel

Information
Transmitter Receiver Destination
Source
Signal Received
Signal
Message Message

Noise Source
2. Transaction Model
• Unlike the Shannon-Weaver model, which is one-way process, the
transaction model is a two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.
• This model is more interactive.
• There is a collaborative exchange of messages between
communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also
shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
2. Transaction Model
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are
control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression, and
information dissemination.

1. Control - Communication functions to control behavior.

2. Social Interaction - Communication allows
individuals to interact with others.
3. Motivation - Communication motivates or encourages
people to live better.
4. Emotional expression - Communication
facilitates people's expression of their feelings and
emotions.
5. Information dissemination - Communication
functions to convey information.
 Identify the function of communication in
Activity each of the following situations. Write
your answers on the space provided.
1. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies
to her students.
2. Ross greets Rachel; then, they start talking about their
plans for the holidays.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully
despite a complicated life.
4. Monica shares her personal frustrations with Chandler.
5. The geometry teacher lectures about mathematical
concepts.
 Identify the function of communication in
Activity each of the following situations. Write
your answers on the space provided.

6. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech

7. The President delivers his last State of the Nation
Address.
8. A television personality thanks the supportive
moviegoers during an interview.
9. The city mayor presents her strategies to execute
the plans in a public forum.
10. A tourist guide orients a group of tourists about a
heritage site.
 FEATURES OF AN
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
In their pioneer book Effective Public Relations, Professors Broom,
Cutlip, and Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective Communication.
This list is widely used today, especially in public relations and
advertising.
1. Completeness

• Complete communication is essential to the quality of the

communication process in general.

• Communication should include everything that the

receiver needs to hear for him/her to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.
2. Conciseness
• Conciseness does not mean keeping the message
short, but making it direct or straight to the point.

• Insignificant or redundant information should be

eliminated from the communication that will be sent to
the recipient.
3. Consideration

• To be effective, the speaker should always

consider relevant information about his/her
receiver such as mood, background, race,
preference, education, status, needs, among
others.
4. Concreteness

• Effective communication happens when the message is

concrete and supported by facts, figures and real-life
examples and situations.

• In this case, the receiver is more connected to the

message conveyed.
5. Courtesy

• The speaker shows courtesy in communication by

respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her
receivers.

• Being courteous all the time creates a positive impact

on the audience.
6. Clearness

• Clearness in communication implies the use of simple

and specific words to express ideas.

• It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a

single objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse
the audience.
7. Correctness

• Correctness in grammar eliminates negative

impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.
 BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
There are instances when communication breaks down and
misunderstanding occurs because of certain barriers. To become an
effective communicator, you should recognize these barriers that
hinder the communication process. This will enable you to control
the situation, reset conditions, and start anew.
 BARRIER EXAMPLE SOLUTION

You are having a bad day or you feel Recognize these kids of emotions, and politely ask the other
Emotional Barriers frustrated. person to give you a moment so you can relax or calm yourself.
You sit in a meeting or class where Recognize this kids of attitude, reset, and reflect on how you can
you think the speaker is boring. be interested in what the speaker is pointing out.
You are a scientist discussing a Jargon refers to the set of specialized vocabulary in a certain field.
Use of Jargon certain weather phenomenon with To avoid communication breakdown due to lack of clarity, adjust
your neighbour who does not know your language; use layman’s terms or simple words.
much about the topic.
You asked to share something about Develop self-confidence by joining organizations where you can
Lack of Confidence your day or weekend, but you are share and develop your interests. Look for opportunities in your
hesitant because you are shy. school or community that will help you find your strengths and
improve your abilities.
You are having a conversation with Recognizes that noise is a common barrier. Make some
Noisy Environment some friends when a song was adjustments by asking someone to minimize the volume or by
played loudly. looking for a quiet area where you can resume the conversation.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
AND
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
• It refers to an interaction in which words are used to relay a
message effective and successful verbal communication, use
words to express ideas which can be easily understood by the
person you are talking to.

• Consider appropriateness, brevity, clarity, ethics, and vividness

when engaging in this type of communication.
1. Appropriateness
• The language that you use should be appropriate to the
environment or occasion (ie. whether formal or informal).

2. Brevity
• Speakers who often use simple yet precise and powerful words are
found to be more credible.
• Try to achieve brevity by being more direct with your words.
3. Clarity
• The meanings of words, feelings, or ideas may be interpreted differently by a
listener; hence, it is essential for you to clearly state your message and
express your ideas and feelings.
4. Ethics
• Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the gender,
roles, ethnicity, preferences, and status of the person or people you
are talking to.
5. Vividness
• Words that vividly or creatively describe things or feelings usually
add color and spice to communication; hence, you are encouraged
to find ways to charm your audience through the use of vivid words.
Nonverbal Communication
• It refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and
represent meanings.
• All kinds of human responses that are not expressed in words
are classified as nonverbal communication.
• Examples of nonverbal communication are stares, smiles, tone
of voice, movements, manners of walking, standing and sitting,
appearance, style of attire, attitude towards punctuality and
space, personality, and others.
 Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for
several reasons.
1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus making it
more meaningful, truthful, and relevant.
2. It can communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without you saying a
word.
3. It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the
speech.
4. It gives the audience a preview to the type of speaker you are.
5. It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery.
 Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for
several reasons.
6. It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness.
7. It helps make your speech more dramatic.
8. It can build a connection with listeners.
9. It makes you a credible speaker.
10. It helps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous delivery.