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TCP Segment (M)

A TCP segment consists of a header and optional data. The header contains fields like source/destination ports, sequence/acknowledgement numbers, flags, window size, checksum, and urgent pointer which are used for functions like establishing connections, flow control, and error checking between TCP peers.

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25 views7 pages

TCP Segment (M)

A TCP segment consists of a header and optional data. The header contains fields like source/destination ports, sequence/acknowledgement numbers, flags, window size, checksum, and urgent pointer which are used for functions like establishing connections, flow control, and error checking between TCP peers.

Uploaded by

martina halder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TCP Segment

TCP Segment

 A TCP segment consists of a segment header and a data section. The segment header
contains 10 mandatory fields, and an optional extension field.
TCP Header
Explanation
 Source port (16 bits)
Identifies the sending port.
 Destination port (16 bits)
Identifies the receiving port.
 Sequence Number (32 bits)
ISN of 1st bit of each segment is the sequence number of that segment
 Acknowledgement Number (32 bits)
The Acknowledgement number field contains the next sequence number that the sender of the
acknowledgement expects to receive. So the acknowledgement Number= Sequence number + 1. This
field is valid only if the ACK flag is on. Once a connection is established the Ack flag is always on.
 Header Length(4 bits)
It describes the number of rows in the segment.
 Flags Field (6 bits)
The 6-bit Flags field is used to relay control information between TCP peers.
• The SYN and Fin flags are used when establishing and terminating a TCP connection, respectively.
• The ACK flag is set any time the Acknowledgement field is valid.
• The URG flag signifies that this segment contains urgent data. When this flag is set, the URG field
indicates where the non-urgent data contained in this segment begins.
• The PUSH flag signifies that the sender invoked the push operation, which indicates to the receiving side
of TCP that it should notify the receiving process of this fact
• The RST flag resets the connection.

 Reserved bits (6 bits)


Use for user requirements.
 Window size (16 bits)
It is a 16-bit field that is used for flow controlling purpose. It is used so the receiver can tell
the sender that it would like to receive more data than what it is currently receiving.
 Checksum (16 bits)
The 16-bit checksum field is used for error-checking of the TCP header. This is a mandatory
field that must be calculated by the sender, and then verified by the receiver.
 Urgent Pointer (16 bits)
If the URG flag is set, then this 16-bit field is an offset from the sequence number indicating
the last urgent data byte.

The data portion of the TCP segment is optional.


THANK YOU

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