INFECTION CONTROL
AND PREVENTION
DEFINITION
An infection occurs when a microorganism enters a
person’s body and causes harm.
The microorganism uses that person’s body to
sustain itself, reproduce, and colonize. These
infectious microscopic organisms are known as
pathogens, and they can multiply quickly. Examples
of pathogens include:
bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa
CHAIN OF INFECTION
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
They can spread in several different ways,
including through:
skin contact
the transfer of bodily fluids
contact with feces
ingesting contaminated food or water
inhaling airborne particles or droplets
touching an object that a person carrying the
pathogen has also touched
HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL
Hospital acquired infections
Healthcare-Acquired Infections ( HAIs ), sometimes called Healthcare-Associated Infections,
are infections that you get while receiving treatment at a healthcare facility, like a hospital,
or from a healthcare professional, like a doctor or nurse.
Ways to control infection in Hospital
Hand Washing
Use of sterile gloves
Maintainance and preparation of sterile environment in hospital
Management of blood and body fluids
Barrier precautions such as: gloves , gowns , aprons , masks , safety googles , fluid proof protection
PPE [Personal Protective Equipments]
Isolation
Never to recap needles
Disposal of contaminated needles and sharp objects in puncture proof container
Specimens should be handled with care with biohazard lable on it
Soiled linen should be handled properly , washed and decontaminated after use
frequent cleaning of the hospital
Proper air ventilation and water supply
Proper collection and disposal of waste
employee history of immunization and health
provision of sick leaves
tracking the success of infection control techniques
observation of patients respone to actual outcome
Prevention
There is no single method for preventing all infectious diseases.
However, people should take the following steps to reduce the risk of
transmission:
• Wash the hands often, especially before and after preparing food and
after using the bathroom.
• Clean surface areas and avoid keeping perishable food at room
temperature for too long while preparing a meal.
• Receive any recommended vaccinations and keep them up to date.
• Only take antibiotics with a prescription and be sure to complete the
recommended course, even if symptoms improve at an earlier stage.
• Disinfect rooms that may have high concentrations of bacteria, such
as the kitchen and bathroom.
CONT.....
• Reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by
receiving regular STI checks, using condoms, or abstaining
altogether.
• Avoid sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, combs,
razor blades, drinking glasses, and kitchen utensils.
• Follow a doctor’s advice about traveling or working while
living with an infectious disease, as doing so could pass the
infection to others.
• Following an active lifestyle and eating a nutritionally
balanced diet can help keep the immune system strong and
prime the body’s defenses against different types of
infection.
THANK YOU
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