Quarter 1: Lesson 8

Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
oMatter is anything that takes up
space and has mass.
oMatter is anything made up of
atoms and molecules.
 ATOMS AND MOLECULES

In the fifth century BC, Leucippus and

Democritus, Greek Philosophers argued that
all matter was composed of small, finite
particles that they called atomos, a term
derived from the Greek word for
“indivisible.”
What is an Atom?
 An atom has three parts:
 Proton = positive
 Neutron = no charge
 Electron = negative

 The proton & neutron are

found in the center of the atom,
a place called the nucleus.
 The electrons orbit the nucleus.
Element - is a substance that is made up of
same kind of atoms.
- cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
reactions.
Today chemists recognize 92 elements occurring in
nature.
Two or more elements may be combined in a fixed ratio to
produce a Compound.
 The Periodic Table of Elements
There are 118 elements on Earth and they are all listed in
the modern periodic table. Most of these elements are
abundant in nature. Others were discovered in the laboratory
which were already named by the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

In the late 1800s, Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist

arranged the chemical elements according to increasing
atomic masses. Mendeleev’s output became the earliest
version of the periodic table of elements which increase our
knowledge in understanding the chemical properties of the
elements.
Origin of Names of Some Elements

What have you noticed about the names of the

elements?
Origin of the names could be based on the:

• color of the element

•name of famous scientists
•places, heavenly bodies of our universe
• names of minerals and ores
• mythological entities.
 ORIGIN NAME OF ELEMENTS
1.Chlorine from Greek “chloros” meaning greenish-
yellow
2.Iodine from Greek “iodes” meaning violet
COLOR 3.Cesium from “coesius” meaning skyblue
4.Iridum from Latin “iris” meaning rainbow
5.Rubidium from Latin “rubidus” meaning deepest red
6.Rhodium from “rhodon” meaning rose

1.Einsteinium from Albert Einstein, the proponent of

the relativity theory
2.Curium from Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverer
SCIENTISTS of the element radium
3.Fermium from Enrico Fermi, pioneer in nuclear
physics
4.Nobelium from Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite
and founder of the Nobel Prize
5.Mendelevium from Dmitri Mendeleev, the chief
architect of the Periodic Table
 ORIGIN NAME OF ELEMENTS

1.Cerium from Ceres, the first asteroid being discovered

2.Helium from Helios which means sun
3.Neptunium from planet Neptune
Names of Celestial
4.Plutonium from dwarf planet Pluto
Bodies
5.Tellurium from Tellus which means Earth
6.Mercury from the planet Mercury
7.Uranium from the planet Uranus

1.Arsenic from Arsenikus which means brave male

2.Cobalt from the word Kobold which means evil spirits
Names of
3.Nickel from Nickel also which means devil
Mythological
4.Thorium form Thor who is the Norse god of war
Figures
5.Wolfram of tungsten which means wolf
 ORIGIN NAME OF ELEMENTS

1.Aluminum from Alumen which means alum

2.Boron from the mineral Borah which means
Names of borax
Minerals and 3.Calcium from Calx which means chalk
Ores 4.Fluorine from Flour Lapis which means
fluorspar
5.Silicon from the ore Sitex which means flint

1.Americium, Berkelium, and Californium from

Geographical USA, Berkeley, and California.
Names 2.Germanium from Winkler, Germany
3.Polonium from Polan
Chemical Symbols of Elements

An element’s chemical symbol consists of one or

two letters. The first letter is written in capital letter
and the rest of the letters are in small letters. The
symbol is typically derived from the element’s
chemical name.
It was Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848), a
Sweden chemist, who proposed that a chemical
element be represented by one or two letters or by
a chemical symbol. The chemical symbols of the
elements are the same throughout the various
countries around the world.
Examples:
B- Boron
N- Nitrogen
Al- Aluminum
Pt- Platinum
Ar- Argon
Fe – Iron (Latin name of Iron is Ferrum)
Au- Gold (Latin name of Gold is Aurum)
Rows and Columns in the Periodic Table

Elements are arranged based on the increasing

atomic numbers.

Each column/vertical in the periodic table is called

group that possesses the same properties with one
another while each row/horizontal is called period.

There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic

table. In the American system, the Group A elements
are called representative elements while Group B are
called the transition metals.
Facts about the Periodic Table of Elements!

 There are 118 confirmed elements in the

periodic table. Among those, 90 elements
can be found in nature, others are strictly
man-made.
 The International Union of Pure Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) is responsible for
maintaining the periodic table
Facts about the Periodic Table of Elements!

 Hydrogen is the lightest element with its

atomic weight 1 and that is why it can be
found in the top left corner of the periodic
table
 Uranium is the heaviest element with an
atomic weight of 238
 Most of the elements on the periodic table
are metals-- almost 75%
Not all elements are equally
common.
Most elements can
exist as a single
atom (Fe, Cu):
Diatomic Gases
Hydrogen H2
But some elements Nitrogen N
2
(mostly gases) Oxygen O2
usually exist as Fluorine F2
diatomic molecules Chlorine Cl
2
(groups of 2 atoms). Bromine Br
2
Iodine I
Allotropes
Different structural forms of the same element.

Oxygen has 3 allotropes:

O
Monatomic O2 O3
Oxygen Diatomic Ozone
(Single Oxygen Oxygen Molecule
Atom) Molecule
 Names of the
Descriptions
Elements

1.RNIO component of steel used in making bars

2.XYNEGO the gas of life responsible for life to exist

3.CLCMUAI comprises the bones and teeth

4.NNOE widely used in advertising signs

5.DLOG used to make jewelries

6.MRRCYEU found in thermometers

7.CRABNO found in all living organisms

8.SDMUIO combines with chlorine to make table salt

9.HLOCNERI used as bleaching and purifying agents

10.MNMULUAI used in kitchen utensils

The elements can be classified as:
1. metals
2. nonmetals
3. metalloids
7 Metalloids

1.Boron
2.Silicon
3.Germanium
4. Arsenic
5. Antimony
6.Tellurium
7. Polonium
Activity
 Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
Examples of pure substances that are
compounds
NaCl = table salt

Water =H2O

Sugar = C6H12O6
PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS
 In general, the properties of compounds
are quite different from those of their
component elements.
• Hydrogen is a gas that burns in the
presence of oxygen—a colorless gas that
supports burning.
– The product of this chemical change is
water, a liquid that can stop materials
from burning.
PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS

 When the elements sodium and

chlorine combine chemically to form
sodium chloride, there is a change in
composition and a change in
properties.
PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS

• Sodium is a soft gray

metal.

• Chlorine is a pale yellow

poisonous gas.

• Sodium chloride
(commonly known
as table salt) is a
white solid.
Breaking Down Compounds

Heating is one of the processes used to break

down compounds into simpler substances.

• The layer of sugar (C12H22O11)is heated until it

breaks down into solid carbon and water
vapor.
 Examples of Compounds

1. Water -H2O
2. Sodium chloride (table salt)- NaCl
3. Sucrose -C12H22O11
4. Sodium bicarbonate (baking powder)- NaHCO3
5. Acetone - CH3COCH3
6. Acetic acid (vinegar) - CH3COOH
7. Ethanol - C2H5OH
8. Iron (III) Oxide (Rust)- Fe2O3
9. Hydrogen Peroxide- H2O2
10. Ammonia – NH3
 ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
Made up of 1 kind of atoms Made up of 2 or more kinds of
atoms/elements

Represented by Symbol Represented by Chemical Formula

There are 118 known elements There is no upper limit on the types of
compounds that can be formed.

It cannot be broken down into simpler It can be broken down into simpler
substance. substance by chemical means.

Its properties are totally different from

its constituents.

E.g. Hydrogen, Carbon, Gold E.g. Water, Carbon dioxide

Can be classified as Metal, Nonmetal Can be classified as Acids, Bases and
and Metalloids Salts
Quiz Time!
1. How many different elements are
in this chemical formula: C12H22O11

2. It is the simplest type of matter.

A. Compound B. Element
C. Mixture D. Pure substance
Quiz Time!
3. What is the picture displayed?
A. Element

B. Compound

4. Which of the following is a

compound?
A. Co B. CO C. H D. He
Quiz Time!
5. Which item is not made of matter?

A. Air C. Water

B. Pencil D. Shadow

6. One thing that the periodic table

does NOT tell you is_____
A. Atomic mass C. Element shape
B. Atomic Number D. Chemical Symbol
Quiz Time!
7. True or False?
Elements can be broken down into
simpler substances.

8. Howmany atoms are there in a

molecule of CH4?
Quiz Time!
9. Are there more compounds than
elements? YES or NO

10. Compounds are substances that

are made up of _______________.
A. Atoms C.mixtures
B.substances D.two or more elements
11.Which of the following statements is true about
elements and compounds?
A. Homogenous in nature
B. Simplest form of matter.
C. Commonly and naturally occurring materials.
D. Can be broken down into simpler substances.

12. Which of the following is substance compound?

A. Alloy B. Gold C. Iron D. Silver
13. Sodium is a silvery solid that reacts violently with water and
chlorine. When they combine to form the compound sodium chloride
known as salt, there is a fundamental change in the properties. Salt is
often added to our food when cooking and it is safe to eat. Which of the
following statements supports the idea presented?
A. True to all compounds, they no longer have the properties of the
elements that makes them up.
B. True to some compounds, it maintains the properties of the elements
that makes them up.
C. True in all elements, it maintains its properties even after it combines
with other elements.
D. True to all elements, they have the properties after they are combined
14. Which of the following is correctly matched?

I. Nitrogen: Element: Nitrous Oxide: Compound

II. Iron: Element: Rust: Compound
III. Mercury: Element: Copper: Compound
IV. Oxygen: Element: Water: Compound

A. I, II, III, IV B. I, II, III only

C. I, II, IV only D. I and II only
15. Which of the following statements correctly describes a
compound?

I. It can be broken down into a simpler type of matter by chemical means.

II. It has unique properties that are different from the properties of its
individual elements.
III. It is composed of atoms of two or more elements that bond together.
IV. It is composed of atoms of the same kind.

A. I, II, III, IV B. I, II, III only

C. I, II, IV only D. II, III, IV only
16. Which of the following is correctly
matched?
A. Lithium: Element
B. Hydrogen: Compound
C. Aluminum: Compound
D. Cabon monoxide: Element
17. Why is acetic acid (CH3COOH) an
example of a compound?
A. It is the simplest type of matter.
B. Elements have the same set of properties.
C. It is made up of two or more different types
of elements.
D. It cannot be transformed into another
substance by any other chemical means.
18. Which of the following are compounds?
A. Salt and Sugar
B. Copper and Zinc
C. Silicon and Sulfur
D. Bromine and Lithium

19. True or False:The properties of a compound will

be the same as the properties of the elements that
make up the compound.
20. Deanna was asked by her teacher to match compound with its
constituent elements. Which do you think of the matched pair is
correct?
I. Salt: Potassium, Chlorine
II. Water: Hydrogen, Oxygen
III. Carbon monoxide; Carbon, Hydrogen
IV. Sugar: Oxygen, Calcium, Magnesium
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III
D. III and IV
 properties metal Elements Compounds
metalloids more non-metal one
properties chemical process components chemical
Elements and Compounds are all around us. (1)__________ are made up
of atom or atoms of the same kind. They are the simplest type of matter
and cannot be broken down into components. Each element is made
entirely from (2)_______ type of atom. Each element is unique and no
two elements have the same set of (3)__________. Some are in the
same state but they have (4)__________ properties. Some elements are
(5)________ like iron, gold and silver. Others are(6)_______ like
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen. There are elements that are
(7)_________like Boron, Silicon and Germanium.(8) _________ are
combination of (9)________ or (10)_________ elements like water which
is a combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen; salt which is made up of
sodium and chlorine; and rusts formed when an iron reacts with oxygen.
Compounds can be broken down into it’s (11)______ through a
(12)__________ process and formed when two elements are combined
together. It has unique properties that are different from the properties of
the elements that make them up.
Performance Task

Make a 2-3 minute vlog about

materials that you can find in your own
household which are made up of
Elements and Compounds and give
their uses.
Make a creative poster of common elements and
compounds showing their names, symbols and uses.
 SEPARATING COMPOUNDS
Breaking Down Compounds
Electrolysis- process of using electricity to
decompose water into Oxygen and hydrogen
gas.