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Input-Process-Output System Models

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21 views

Input-Process-Output System Models

Uploaded by

tilingamawamaziko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Hardware

(CIS-HWS-121)

Input-Process-Output System Models

Presented By:
Mattias Nkonjo
Computing and Information Technology Department
MUBAS
:265 (0) 888 515 885 :[email protected]
Input-Process-Output (IPO) System Models
 It is a framework in computer science
 It Describes the flow of data through a system
 It breaks down the system into three main components:
­ Input
­ Process
­ Output
Input
 Input is the data that is fed into a system for processing.
Input Devices
 These are the devices used to enter/put data into the computer.
 They accept data for processing & convert it into a suitable form that
the computer can understand.
 Examples:
­ Keyboard
­ Mouse
­ Joysticks
­ Light pen
­ Scanner, etc
Process
 The process is the action of transforming input data into a meaningful
output.
Processing Devices
 Any internal component of a computer that enables the interpretation
and manipulation of incoming data.
 Example of the Processing Device is CPU
Processing Devices
 A computer's CPU handles all instructions it receives
from hardware and software running on the computer
Output
 Output is the data or information that results from the processing and
is presented to the user or another system.
Output Devices
 Output devices are used to give the end results of data that was entered
into the computer.
 They extract/ disseminate processed data (information) from the
computer.
 They accept data from processing devices & convert it into human
sensible form.
 Examples: Screens (Monitors), Printers, Graph plotters, Speakers,
etc
Output Devices (Cont’d)
 Characteristics of Output:
­ Processed Data: Information that has been transformed into a usable format.
­ User-Friendly Formats: Output is often in a format that is easy to
understand, such as text, images, or sound.
Output Devices (Cont’d)
 Examples of Output Devices:
­ Monitor: Displays visual output such as text, images, and videos.
­ Printer: Produces a hard copy of digital documents.
­ Speakers: Output sound and audio information.
­ Projector: Projects visual content onto a larger screen.
­ LED Indicators: Provide visual status indicators through lights.
Flow of Data in the IPO Model
a) Input Stage
­ Data Collection
­ Data Conversion
b) Processing Stage
­ Instruction Execution
­ Data Manipulation
­ Intermediate Storage
c) Output Stage
­ Data Conversion
­ Data Presentation
Practical Examples of IPO Systems
 ATM Machine
 Digital Camera
Practical Examples of IPO Systems
 Advantages of the IPO Model
­ Clarity: Simplifies the understanding of complex systems by breaking them
down into basic components.
­ Modularity: Encourages modular design, making systems easier to develop
and maintain.
­ Problem Solving: Helps in identifying and isolating issues within a system,
making troubleshooting more efficient.
­ Universal Application: Can be applied to various fields, not just computer
science, such as business processes, education, and engineering.
References
Hajek, D. and Herrera, C. (2019). Introduction to computers (2022 ed.).
Author.

Rajaraman, V. (2018). Introduction to information technology. PHI


Learning Pvt Ltd.

Weixel, S. (2018). Introduction to computers and information


technology: Preparing for IC3 certification (3rd ed.). Pearson Education
Inc
Input-Process-Output System Models

THE END

Presented By:
Mattias Nkonjo
Computing and Information Technology Department
MUBAS
:265 (0) 888 515 885 :[email protected]

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