Ideology of Pakistan

Chapter 1

Resource Person
Mr Sohail Hameed
What is Ideology?
What is Ideology?

• Ideology is the combination of two Greek words,

“Ideo” means Ideas, and “Logos” means Science.

• Thus ideology means, “Science of ideas”.

• An Ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an

individual.
Kinds of Ideology
• Religious Ideology: which deals to establish a social and
living system in the light of basic principles of a religion.

• Political Ideology: which deals to establish a specific political

system for the followers of that ideology according to their
thinking.

• Economic Ideology: which deals to solve the financial

problems of the nation.
How Ideology emerges?
• An ideology emerges when people feel srongly that they are
being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is
threatened by fundamental changes occuring in the society
and when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them.
Importance of an Ideology
• Ideology is a motivating force for a nation which is striving
hard to bring stability and homogeneity to its nationhood, it
provides cement binding base to the scattered group in a
society and brings them closer to each other on a common
platform.
Pakistan Ideology
• The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on
an ideology which sought its roots from the religion of Islam.

• Pakistan ideology is based on the ideals of the Islamic system, it was

a reaction to the Hindu and British exploitation of the Muslims of the
sub-continent. It was a revolt against the prevailig system of India
where the Hindu Nationalism was being imposed on the Muslims and
their culture.

• It contained a strategy to save the Muslims culture from total

elimination.
Aims and Objects of the establishment of
Pakistan
• Enforcement of the Sovereignty of God Almighty
• Establishment of Islamic Democracy
• Revival of muslim Image and idenity
• Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization
• Two Nation Theory
• Emancipation from the prejudicial Hindu Majority
• Establishment of a Balanced Economic System
Ideological Rationale with the special
reference of;
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
• Allama Muhammad Iqbal
• Qaid e Azum Muhammad Ali jinnah
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
• Name Syed Ahmed Taqvi
• Born 17 October, 1817, Delhi
• Died: March 27, 1898, Aligarh

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an Indian Muslim

reformer, philosopher, and educationist.
• He got his primary education from his maternal grandfather (Khawaja
farid-ud-din)which include, study of Holy Quran, Arabic and Persian
Literature.
• He also acquired excellence in history, mathematics and medicine but
he didnot complete the medicine course.
• Financial difficulties put an end to his formal education .
• Joined East India Company and served in various position.
• Tried to make the british realize their unjust treatment of muslims.
• Tried to highlight importance of education.
• Wrote many papers and books.
• Was awarded the title of “Sir” in 1888.
• Historic experiences provided the basis and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
began the process of Muslim awakening.
• It was due to the realization of Muslims of subcontinent that they are
different from the Hindus and they started demanding separate
electorates
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan made Muslims aware that their future in a
democratic India dominated by a Hindu majority was not safe.
• His first objective was to modernize the Muslims of the subcontinent
to create a friendly atmosphere between the British government and
the Muslims of India.
• He motivated his community to learn Western Philosophy, and English
literature to get along the ruling class. To achieve his goals he started
Aligarh movement.
• He preached two-nation theory and following are the factors that
strengthened his point of view:
• Islamic code of conduct: Islam is a complete code of life and it does
not prevent its followers from keeping social relations with other
nations whereas Hinduism preaches separatism, how could Hindus and
Muslims absorb in one nation.
• Western Democracy: he was against the Western democracy because
its ultimate result was the supremacy of Hindus majority over
Muslims.
At a speech on 16th March 1888
he said

“ Now Suppose that all the Brits were to leave India, then who
would be the ruler of India? Is it possible that under these
circumstances these nations, the Muhammadan and Hindu
could sit on the same throne and remain equal in power; most
certainly not. It is necessary that one of them should conquer
the other and thrust it down. To hope that both could remain
equal is to desire the impossible and the inconceivable.”
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
• Name Muhammad Iqbal
• Born November 9, 1877, Sialkot
• Died April 21, 1938, Lahore

• Allama Muhammad Iqbal, A great poet,

thinker, philosopher, scholar and
politician.
• Allama Iqbal received his education from from Government College,
Lahore and later on went to England to pursue studies in Law.
• He got his PH.D in philosphy from a German University.
• He served as Lecturer (Philosophy) in Oriental College, Lahore
• He studies Islam deeply and had a profound liking for Islamic
principles and its tenets.
• Allama Iqbal considered Islam a complete code of life.
• Before he was supporter of Hindu and muslim unity but after seeing
the hatred of hindus toward muslims, he came to support two nation
theory.
• He awakened the muslims of the sub continent through his poetry.
Allama Iqbal said,
“I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will
ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as
they could not live with the Hindus in the United
States.”
Qaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Name Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Born December 25, 1876, Karachi
• Died September 11, 1948, Karachi

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister,

politician and the founder of Pakistan.
• He was the one who gave practical shape to the ideology of Pakistan.
• He started his political career in 1906 by joining the Indian national
congress.
• In 1913 he also joined the All Indian Muslim League and became its
president in 1916. at this time he was the member of both parties.
• In the beginning he strongly believed in Hindu Muslim unity and was
of the opinion that both Hindus and Muslims should initiate joint
efforts to get rid of British rule
• After joining Muslim league in 1913, he continued his efforts to bring
about Hindu and Muslim unity but was greatly disappointed to see
the prejudicial attitude of congress and Hindus towards the Muslims.
• In 1916 Lacknow Pact was signed where Hindus accepted the Muslim
Demands.
• In 1920 Gandhi had emerged a strong political leader and hindu
extremist due to his non cooperation M.A jinnah resigned from
congress.
• Hindu and muslim unity were foiled by the publication of Nehru report
1928, the accepted Muslim rights were ignored.
• As Nehru report failed to offer equal rights to muslims then Jinnah had
to come up with his 14points in 1929.
• 1939 Qaid e Azam emerged undisputed leader of the muslims.
• Qaid e Azam was a stunch believer of Two Nation Theory.
• He defined Muslim identity with the reference to Islam and convinced
others that Muslims are different from Hindus and the Congress
Quaid-e-Azam and Two-Nation Theory
• He defined the two nation theory as
“The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their
separate homeland. They can adopt any means to
promote and protect their economic,social, political and
cultural interests.”
In 1946, addressing a gathering at Islamia
College,Peshawar
• He said,
• “We didnot demand pakistan simply to have a piece
of land but we wanted a laboratory where we could
experiement on islamic principles.”
Factors Leading to Muslim Separation
Peaceful Atmosphere
• A large number of inhabitants of sub-continent used to be the victims of
communal riots every year. The Muslims were massacred by the Hindu
militants.
• As Hindus were in majority, it looked evident that the Hindus could
monopolise the politics after the departure of Britishers.
• The lives of Muslims could never be safe in the united India.
• The future apprehension of the atrocious rule of Hindus more sever than
that of the congress rule compelled the Muslims· to have a separate state.
Social Environment
• The Muslims were scared of the Hindu Samaj in which the cast system
and other discriminations could make the Muslims second rate
citizens. Where they could enjoy neither political nor social liberties.
Therefore, they preferred to have a separate homeland in which they
could live according to the teaching of Islam.
Protection of Urdu Language
• During the last days of Muslim rule , Urdu emerged as the most common
language of subcontinent
• In 1867,Hindi-Urdu controversy began when some prominent Hindus
started a movement and demanded the replacement of Urdu with Hindi
• The Hindu did their best to replace Urdu by Hindi but they did not succeed
during British period.
• The opposition by Hindus towards the Urdu language made it clear that they
were not ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the Muslims
• The Hindu government could wipe out all signs of Muslim culture therefore,
the Muslims had no choice except to put a demand for Pakistan.
Two Nation Theory
• The Muslims claimed separate nationhood for themselves, and they
were determined to maintain a separate entity for all times to come.
• The Muslims believe in separate religion, practice different, traditions,
have their own history and their cultural heritage Their claim was
absolutely true.
• It was their right to keep their separate entity alive and to enjoy all
human rights. That was not possible in united India.
Protection of Muslim Culture
• The Muslims were always a separate nation because of their
distinctive cultural values.
• the Hindus always desired to crush the Muslims as a nation and
ultimately to merge them into Hindu society.
• The main objectives of the creation of Pakistan was the protection of
Muslims culture and to save it from Hindu domination.
Implementation of Islamic system
• In Islamic system everyone is equal and no one enjoys privilaged
position on the basis of his social status, colour or creed.
• Islam is a complete code of life. The Muslims wanted to implement
the islamic system practically.
• This could not be attained in United India, Therefore. they demanded
an Islamic state.