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5 views14 pages

Power PPT g2

Uploaded by

chala
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTUTING


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER AND CONTROL

Power Generation (PCE 5301)


BY: Fraol Bedane
January 30-2023
Adama, Ethiopia
VARIOUS MHD SYSTEMS
• The MHD systems are broadly classified into two types.
 OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM
CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
Seeded inert gas system
 Liquid metal system
OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM
OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM

• The fuel used maybe oil through an oil tank or gasified coal
through a coal gasification plant.
• The seed material, generally potassium carbonate is injected
into the combustion chamber, the potassium is then ionized by
the hot combustion gases at temperature of roughly 2300’ c to
2700 c.
• The hot gas expands through the rocket like generator
surrounded
by powerful magnet. During motion of the gas the +ve and –ve
ions move to the electrodes and constitute an electric current.
OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM
• By this effect, the magnetic field acts on the MHD-generated
current and produces a voltage in flow direction of the working
fluid.
• Working fluid is air.
• Not re-cycle like closed the one.
• Much easier than that of closed cycle.
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM

• Working fluid is Argon or Helium.


• Electrical conductivity is maintained in the working fluid by
ionization of a seeded material, as in open cycle system.
• The working fluid is circulated in a closed loop and is heated by
the combustion gases using a heat exchanger.
• cesium seeding.
SEEDED INERT GAS MHD SYSTEM
SEEDED INERT GAS MHD SYSTEM
• In a closed cycle system the gas is compressed and heat is
supplied by the source, at essentially constant pressure, the
compressed gas then expands in the MHD generator, and its
pressure and temperature fall.

• After leaving this generator heat is removed from the gas by a


cooler, this is the heat rejection stage of the cycle. Finally the gas
is recompressed and returned for reheating.

• The complete system has three distinct but interlocking loops. On


the left is the external heating loop. Coal is gasified and the gas is
burnt in the combustor to provide heat.
SEEDED INERT GAS MHD SYSTEM

• Because the combustion system is separate from the


working fluid,so also are the ash and flue gases.
• Hence the problem of extracting the seed material from fly ash
does not arise. The fuel gases are used to preheat the incoming
combustion air and then treated for fly ash and sulfur dioxide
removal, if necessary prior to discharge through a stack to the
at mosphere.
• The loop in the center is the MHD loop. The hot argon gas is
seeding with cesium and resulting working fluid is passed through
the MHD generator at high speed.
LIQUID METAL MHD SYSTEM

• The carrier gas is pressurized and heated by passage through a


heat exchanger within combustion chamber. The hot gas is then
incorporated into the liquid metal usually hot sodium to form the
working fluid. The latter then consists of gas bubbles uniformly
dispersed in an approximately equal volume of liquid sodium.

• After passage through the generator, the liquid metal is separated


from the carrier gas. Part of the heat exchanger to produce steam
for operating a turbine generator.
LIQUID METAL MHD SYSTEM
LIQUID METAL MHD SYSTEM

• Finally the carrier gas is cooled, compressed and returned to the


combustion chamber for reheating and mixing with the recovered
liquid metal. 
• The working fluid temperature is usually around 800’c as the
boiling point of sodium even under moderate pressure is below
900’c. 
• At lower operating temp, the other MHD conversion systems may
be advantageous from the material standpoint, but the maximum
thermal efficiency is lower.
LIQUID METAL MHD SYSTEM

• A possible compromise might be to use liquid lithium, with a


boiling point near 1300’c as the electrical conductor lithium is
much more expensive than sodium, but losses in a closed system
are less.
Power generation system

Thank you !

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