INTRODUCTION TO
GLOBALIZATION
Overview
This unit is designed to inform you about the increasing
awareness of people's interconnectedness and places
around the globe, which was the result of economic and
socio-political integration among different countries, and
advances in technology and other facets that have
allowed people to experience living in a borderless
world. As such, this unit examines the multifaceted
phenomenon of globalization thru the lenses of various
disciplines.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the unit, students will be able to:
1. differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization;
2. identify the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of
globalization; and
3. agree on a working definition of globalization for the course.
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION
In this world, advances in technology are vividly experienced by everyone. For
example,
• the currently used method in learning for the 21st century involves gadgets, the
Internet, and cellular devices.
• Different issues and events across the world can be easily accessed through the
help of information technology.
• People of this era have general information about the ideas, culture, and
practices of other nations as if the world is a global mall in which opinions are
available everywhere.
As such, these experiences lead us to the notion that we live in a seemingly
borderless world. All of these things are the result of the so-called Globalization.
According to Al-Rodhan (2006),
• Globalization is not a single concept
• Globalization involves economic and political integration; global
policies; knowledge transmission, cultural stability; the
reproduction, relations, and discourses of power; it is a universal
process, a concept, a revolution, and "an establishment of the
worldwide market free from sociopolitical control.
• Some people believe that Globalization brought progress,
development, and stability.
According to Larsson (2001),
• Globalization is the process of world shrinkage, distances getting
shorter, and things moving closer.
• Somebody on one side of the world can interact, to mutual
benefit, with somebody on the other side of the world.
GLOBALIZATION
• However, others believe that Globalization brought regression,
colonialism, and destabilization. These beliefs are actually supported
by Martin Khor, the president of the third world network in Malaysia,
who stated that Globalization is a form of colonization.
• Hence, Globalization can be defined as narrow and exclusive, or
broad and inclusive.
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
As Broad and Inclusive
According to Ohmae (1992)
• Globalization means the onset of the borderless world.
• This definition proposes that barriers are no longer considered a
hindrance.
Viewpoint of Ray Kiely and Phil Marfleet
(1998),
• Globalization is a situation wherein societies, cultures, politics, and
economics have, in some sense, come closer together.
• This claim supports the idea of Ohmae by which, as we live in this
world, we experience oneness in terms of culture, policies, and
technology.
Jan Aart Scholte (1999) states
• "Globalization refers to processes whereby social relations acquire
relatively distance-less and borderless qualities so that human lives
are increasingly played out in the world as a single place.“
• Likewise, Globalization can be viewed as the compression of time and
space (Harvey, 1998).
These definitions are inclined with the view of
Globalization as broad and inclusive. It can be seen
that there are common themes from these definitions,
such as the elimination of borders among different
countries, and that the definition is somehow vague
and does not clearly define the implications of
Globalization in a particular area.
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
as Narrow and Exclusive
According to Robert Cox (1999)
• Globalization is characterized by the internationalizing of production,
the new international division of labor, migration from south and
north, and a competitive environment, which increases processes
such as manufacturing of goods and commodities.
• Globalization such as the acquisition of products of a particular
country to other parts of the world.
Viewpoint of Bairoch & Kozul-Wright
(1996),
• Globalization is a process in which the production and financial
structures of countries are becoming interlinked by an increasing
number of cross-border transactions to create an international
division of labor in which national wealth creation comes,
increasingly, to depend on economic agents in other countries.
Langhone (2001) explains
• Globalization is the latest stage in a long accumulation of
technological advances, which has given human beings the ability to
conduct their affairs across the world without reference to
nationality, government authority, time of day, or physical
environment.
All of these definitions provide a specific description of
Globalization by which it tackles particular areas of
human activity. However, this kind of meaning can be
limiting in terms of application. Thus, defining
Globalization through exclusive and narrow can only
be applied with a particular scope of activity.
METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Solid- it refers to the barriers that may prevent free movement and it
can be natural or man-made. It may also refer to people, things,
information, and places “harden “over time and therefore have
limited mobility.
• Liquidity- It refers to increasing ease of movement of people, things,
information, and places in the global age.
• Flows- It refers to the movement of people, things, ideas, and culture
across the globe due to the advances in technology, economic and
political integration, and establishment of global policies that lessens
and eliminates the existing borders.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUIDITY
I. Liquid is forever ready to change whatever shape it might take on
momentarily and it is in continuous flux. This scenario can be seen
in global finance by which an economy has never been stable at it
changes from time to time
II. Liquid is difficult to stop once it is on the move such as the
advances in technology.
III. Liquid tends to melt whatever stands in its path such as the political
and economic barriers.
ASSESSMENT
Prepare a more than 500-word essay on how you view globalization
“My Perspective on Globalization” The essay should highlight how you
define globalization, what are its contribution to social and economic
development, and what are the limitations of globalization as it is
currently implemented.
ASSIGNMENT
FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 2024
BRING OLD MAGAZINES OR NEWSPAPERS. IT MUST HAVE A HEADLINE,
PICTURES, OR ARTICLE RELATED TO GLOBALIZATION.
PERMANENT PEN, CARTOLINA TO WRITE ON
PER GROUP
