PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
BY: Stephanie Maloloy-on Dagodog
OPINION WRITING LESSON
NATURE OF INQUIRY
( QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH )
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
is the process of collecting and
analyzing numerical data. It can be
used to find patterns and averages,
make predictions, test causal
relationships, and generalize
results to wider populations
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
involves collecting and analyzing non-
numerical data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand concepts, opinions,
or experiences. It can be used to gather
in-depth insights into a problem or
generate new ideas for research.
Difference: Qualitative
Research versus Quantitative
Research
Objectives
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• The purpose is to test a
• It aims to create new theory
hypothesis or theory.
based on the gathered data.
• Measures problem using
• A fact-finding research used to
rating scale and other
gain understanding of
research parameters of
individual differences in terms
of feelings and experiences. group similarities.
Data Description
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• natural setting
• measurement setting
• making stories out of a
• performs measures out
certain phenomenon. of a certain
• Uses pictures, words, phenomenon.
sentences, paragraphs, • Uses numbers, scales,
compositions, narrations hypotheses,calculation
and short stories s,computations and
statistics tools. .
Sample (size)
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Small • Large sample
judgment (by representative
decision) s of population
sampling
Data Gathering
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Standardized /Structured Uses
• Unstructured or semi structured
(flexible processes) Uses census, survey questionnaire,
interviews, participant checklist, paper?pencil test and
observation, group discussions. experimentation.
• Ex: Case Study, field research • Uses closed ended questions.
Uses open ended questions. It is a This questions can only be
freeform survey questions allow a
answered by selecting from a
participant to answer in open-text
limited number of options,
format, responses are unlimited to
a set of options. usually “multiple-choice”, “yes or
no”, or a rating scale
Data Gathering
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Example: Guide questions for the
interviews
• Example: Strongly agree to strongly
• 1. What was your experiences disagree In quantitative research
during quarantine period on the closed ended questions are the basis
COVID-19 pandemic? How did you of all statistical analysis techniques
handle the situation caused by applied on questionnaires and surveys.
the pandemic? • Sample Question: Do you agree on
• 2. Was the support of the online modality class in transitioning
National and Local Government the new normal of education? a.
enough for your basic needs? Did Strongly agree b. Agree c. Disagree d.
they conduct evaluation for those Strongly disagree
who were affected?
Activities
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• INDUCTIVE • DEDUCTIVE
• The researcher starts with • Starts from a hypothesis
the observations, an open or already created
mind without biases, theory emphasizing the
gathering all exact details previously researched
of the topic and phenomenon from
generalization or new different views (tested
theory is given towards against observations).
the end of the research
Data discussions and
Presentation
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• INDUCTIVE • DEDUCTIVE
• The researcher starts with the • Starts from a hypothesis
observations, an open mind or already created theory
without biases, gathering all emphasizing the
exact details of the topic and previously researched
generalization or new theory is phenomenon from
given towards the end of the different views (tested
research process against observations).
Uses both inductive and deductive They
Data are not mutually exclusive with each
discussions other in research. Inductive method or
and “bottom -up” is used if the rese archer
starts discussions from the lowest and
Presentation
highest means then explains the overall
mean. Deductive or “top-down “if
discussion is from the overall mean
going to the lowest and highest means,
Data Analysis
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Synthesize data, • Statistical
interpret, thematic. • Objective
• Subjective • The researcher
• Data analysis is
employs standard
influenced by the criteria in analyzing
personal experiences data
and views.
Outcome
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Cultivates • Endorse a
understanding with development. Has high
high validity. output replicability.
• There are no • Conclusion is
conclusions formulated towards the
formulated. end of the research
process
Similarities:
Qualitative
Research and
Quantitative
Research
Similarities:
Qualitative
Research and
Quantitative 3. Both start with
Research a problem and
end with a new
.1 Both have the process of problem.
inquiry and investigation. 4.Both use textual
2. Both improve life and forms in analyzing and
help us in understanding interpretation of data.
various issues of life and in 5. Both use inductive
giving solutions to our and deductive methods
problems. of presenting data.
ACTIVITY 1: QUESTION AND ANSWER
DIRECTIONS: ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BRIEFLY. WRITE YOUR
ANSWERS IN A SEPARATE SHEET OF
PAPER.
1. HOW DO YOU DEFINE THE TWO DESIGNS OF RESEARCH:
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE?
_________________________________________________________________
__
_________________________________________________________________
__
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN
THESE METHODS?
_________________________________________________________________
__
Determine whether each word or group of words indicates
Qualitative Research or Quantitative Research.
___________________1.Naturalistic
___________________2.To validate the already constructed
theory
___________________3.Hypothesis
___________________4.Multiple Methods
___________________5.No criteria
___________________6.Pure words, phrases, sentences,
compositions and stories are used in data
analysis
___________________7.Open-Ended Questions
___________________8.Highly-structured Research
___________________9. Objective
