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Characteristics of Language

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lineth amante
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5 views

Characteristics of Language

Uploaded by

lineth amante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHARACTERIS

TICS OF
LANGUAGE
INTRODUCTION TO
LINGUISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LANGUAGE
• Conventional and Non-instinctive
• Productivity and Creativity
• Duality
• Displacement
• Humanness
• Universality
CHARACTERISTICS OF
•
LANGUAGE
Conventional and Non-instinctive – Language is brought about by evolution
and strengthened with convention and learned through interaction and
socialization.
• Productivity and Creativity – Language evolves as a means of adapting to
the demands of the people who use it. It keeps on sprouting that with one word
emerges another.
• Duality – Human language comprises the two sub-systems: the sound system
and the meaning system.
Predetermined sounds combinations create units of meaning.
Different combinations of sounds produce syntactic categories, units
and constituents that create more sophisticated and meaningful utterances.
• Displacement – The ability to talk across time and space.
• Humanness – Language is innate to human beings.
• Universality – Language is equal in all the parts of the universe.
Universals of Language

The Absolute – All elements to apply


to every know language.
The Implicational – particular
features apply to different
languages.
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF
LANGUAGE
1. INTERPERSONAL – Used to interact, establish, and maintain a
relationship, influence behavior, express a point of view or elicit others’
point of view.
2. INFORMATIVE – Used to inform or to give further emphasis to the
known information.
3. PERFORMATIVE – It holds power that can guarantee the deed or
performance of an act.
4. EXPRESSIVE – The expressive language function reports the attitudes
and emotions of the speaker.
ROMAN JAKOBSON
ROMAN JAKOBSON’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960)
1. CONTEXT

3. SENDER 2. MESSAGE 4. RECEIVER

5. CHANNEL

6. CODE
ROMAN JAKOBSON’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960)
1. REFERENTIAL FUNCTION CONTEXT

Conveys information in an objective way

2. EMOTIVE FUNCTION SENDER

Conveys information in an objective way


ROMAN JAKOBSON’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960)
3. CONATIVE FUNCTION RECEIVER

Directive and oriented towards the receiver.

4. PHATIC FUNCTION CHANNEL

Socio-linguistic function used for the sake of interactions.


ROMAN JAKOBSON’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960)
5. METALINGUAL FUNCTION CODE

Use of language to describe itself.

6. POETIC FUNCTION MESSAGE

Focus on the message and its aesthetic presentation.


MICHAEL HALLIDAY
HALLIDAY’S METAFUNCTIONS OF
LANGUAGE

TEXTUAL

INTERPERSONAL IDEATIONAL
HALLIDAY’S METAFUNCTIONS OF
LANGUAGE
1. IDEATIONAL FUNCTION – This is concerned with
creating and maintaining a notion of experience, which
is both experiential and logical.
Experiential Function – Denotes the
speaker’s choice of linguistics elements that
will help him to make meaning.
Logical Function – Denotes the logical-
semantic associations.
HALLIDAY’S METAFUNCTIONS OF
LANGUAGE
2. INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION – An interpersonal
function is about the world of people working together.
This function seeks to create and uphold social
relationships.

3. TEXTUAL FUNCTION – Comprises all the


grammatical systems needed to create relevance to
context, through which “language creates a semiotic world
of its own”.
HALLIDAY’S MICRO-FUNCTIONS
OF LANGUAGE
1. INSTRUMENTAL FUNCTION – Refers to the use of
language to communicate needs, express desires,
choices and preferences.
2. REGULATORY FUNCTION – Use language to
control and regulate behavior.
3. INTERACTIONAL FUNCTION – Use to develop a
relationship and smoothen interaction.
HALLIDAY’S MICRO-FUNCTIONS
OF LANGUAGE
4. PERSONAL FUNCTION – Language is demonstrated when it is
used to convey personal information based on a personal level
such as emotions and attitudes and the identity of the speaker.
5. FUNCTION – When the children explore and desire to learn
from their environment, they use language in a heuristic manner.
6. IMAGINATIVE FUNCTION – It is fulfilled when children
create and modify the place and situation that they are in by using
the language.
7. REPRESENTATIONAL FUNCTION – The child accurately
captures how the world works.
HE WHO DOES N
OT
LOVE HIS OWN
LANGUAGE IS
WORSE THAN AN
ANIMAL AND
SMELLY FISH.
JOSE RIZAL
THANK
YOU!

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