QUARTER 3

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Quadrilaterals
Quadrilateral

A closed plane
figure consisting of
four line segments
or sides.
 TERMS TO
REMEMBER!
• Angles • Consecutive angles
• Diagonals • Opposite sides
• Parallel Lines• Supplementary angles
• Complementary angle
Side of a polygon

The sides of a polygon

are made of straight
line segments
connected to each
other end to end.
 angle
An angle is formed
when two rays meet at
a common endpoint
called vertex.
Oppposite angles
Opposite angles are the
angles directly opposite
each other where two
lines cross.

Oppposite sides
 diagonal
Diagonal is a line
segment connecting the
opposite vertices (or
corners) of a polygon.
Parallel lines
Parallel lines are lines in
a plane that are always
the same distance
apart. Parallel lines
never intersect.
Consecutive
angles

Consecutive angles are

the angles that formed
when a transversal
intersects two parallel
lines.
Supplementary angles

Supplementary angles
are those angles that
sum up to 180 degrees.
complementary angles

Supplementary angles
are those angles that
sum up to 90 degrees.
QUADRILATERALS
 PARALLELOGraM
A parallelogram is a
quadrilateral whose
opposite sides are
parallel.
Its symbol is a small figure:
 B C

A D

AB CD and BC AD
 Naming a Parallelogram
• A parallelogram is named using all four vertices.
• You can start from any one vertex, but you must
continue in a clockwise or counterclockwise
direction.
• For example, this can be either ABCD or
ADCB. B C

A D
Basic Properties of Parallelogram

There are six These properties have

basic properties to do with the angles,
of all the sides and the
parallelograms. diagonals.
 Opposite Sides
PROPERTY 1: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
congruent. B C

A D

• That means that AB CD and .BC AD

CD = 7?
• So, if AB = 7, then _____
 Opposite Angles

• One pair of opposite angles is A and

 C. The other pair is  B and  D.
B C

A D
 Opposite Angles
PROPERTY2 : Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent.
B C

A D

Complete: If m  A = 75 and m  B = 105, then m

75° and m  D = ______
 C = ______ 105°
.
 Consecutive Angles

• Each angle is consecutive to two other angles. A

is consecutive with  B and  D.

B C

A D
 Consecutive Angles
in Parallelograms
PROPERTY 3: Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are
supplementary.
• Therefore, m  A + m  B = 180 and m  A + m  D = 180.
134°
• If m  C = 46, then m  B = _____?

B C Consecutive
INTERIOR
Angles are
Supplementary!
A D
 Diagonals
• Diagonals are segments that join OPPOSITE
vertices.
• For example, in this diagram, the only two
diagonals are .
AC and BD

B C

A D
 Diagonal Property
B C

A D

PROPERTY 4: The diagonals of a parallelogram

bisect each other.
 Diagonal Property
When the diagonals of a parallelogram intersect, they meet at the
midpoint of each diagonal.
• So, P is the midpoint of AC and BD.
• Therefore, they bisect each other; so BP PD and AP PC .
• But, the diagonals are NOT congruent!
AC BD
B C

A D
 Diagonal Property
B C B C

A D A D

PROPERTY 5: Each diagonal of a parallelogram

separates it into two congruent triangles
 Parallelogram
Summary
PROPERTIES (theorems):

• By its definition, opposite sides are

parallel.
• Opposite sides are congruent.
• Opposite angles are congruent.
• Consecutive angles are supplementary.
• The diagonals bisect each other.
• Each diagonal of a parallelogram
separates it into two congruent triangles
Types of PARALLELOGRAMS
Rectangles
Definition: A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.

Is a rectangle is a parallelogram?

Yes

Thus a rectangle has all the properties of a parallelogram.

Opposite sides are parallel.
Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are supplementary.
Diagonals bisect each other.
 Properties of Rectangles
Theorem: If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then its diagonals
are congruent.
Therefore, diagonals formed 4 isosceles triangles.
A B

∆AEB, ∆BEC, ∆CED, and ∆AED E

D C

Converse: If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent ,

then the parallelogram is a rectangle.
 Properties of Rectangles

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF
RECTANGLES
A B

 All angles are right angles. E

 Diagonals are congruent.
 Diagonals formed 4 isosceles D C

triangles
Examples…….
1.If AE = 3x +2 and BE = 29, find the value of x. x=9

2.If AC = 21, then BE = _______.

10.5

3. If mL1 = 4x and mL4 = 2x, find the value of x. x = 18

4.If mL2 = 40°, find mL1, mL3, mL4, mL5 and mL6.
A B
mL1=50°, 2 3
mL3=40°, 1
E
4
mL4=80°, 5

mL5=100°, 6
D C
mL6=40°
Rhombus
Definition: A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.

≡
Is a rhombus a parallelogram?

≡
Yes

Since a rhombus is a parallelogram the following are true:

Opposite sides are parallel.
Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are supplementary.
Diagonals bisect each other.
 Properties of a Rhombus
Since a rhombus
. is a parallelogram the following are true:

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF RHOMBUS

• All four sides are congruent.

≡
• Diagonals are perpendicular.

≡
• Diagonals bisect opposite angles.
• Diagonals formed 4 RIGHT and CONGRUENT triangles!
 Examples .....
Given: ABCD is a rhombus. Complete the following.

1. 9 units
If AB = 9, then AD = ______.

2. If mL1 = 65°, the mL2 =65°

_____.

3. 90°
mL3 = ______.

4. 100°
If mLD = 80°, the mLA = ______.

5. 10
If mL1 = 3x -7 and mL2 = 2x +3, then x = _____.
Square
Definition:
A square is a parallelogram with four
congruent angles and four congruent sides.

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF SQUARE

• Four right angles.
• Four congruent sides.
• Diagonals are congruent.
• Diagonals are perpendicular.
• Diagonals bisect opposite angles.
• Diagonals formed 4 right isosceles
triangles.
 Examples…...
Given: ABCD is a square. Complete the following.

1. 10 units and DC = __________.

If AB = 10, then AD = ________ 10 units

2. 5 units
If CE = 5, then DE = ________.

3. 90°
mLB = _____.

4. 45°
mL6 = _____.

5. 90°
mLAED = _____.
RECTANGLE SQUARE RHOMBUS
 ALWAYS TRUE, SOMETIMES TRUE, NEVER
TRUE
1. Trapezoid is a parallelogram. NEVER

2. The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other. ALWAYS

3. A parallelogram is a rectangle. SOMETIMES

4. A square is a parallelogram. ALWAYS

5. A rhombus is a square. SOMETIMES