GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Function Operations and

Composition of Functions
 Function Operations
Let and be any two functions. You can add, subtract,
multiply or divide and to form a new function.
The domain of new function consist of the -values that
are in the domains of both and .
When new function involves division, the domain does
not include -values for which the denominator is equal
to zero.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Operation Definition

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟓
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟓
( 𝒇 +𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙¿ ¿𝟐+𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏)+(𝒙 −𝟓)¿
( 𝒇 +𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝟐+𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟔

𝑫 𝒇 +𝒈= (− ∞ , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟓
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =(𝒙 ¿¿𝟐+𝟐𝒙 −𝟏)− ( 𝒙 −𝟓 ) ¿
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏− 𝒙+𝟓
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒙 +𝟒
𝑫 𝒇 − 𝒈=( − ∞ , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟓
( 𝒇 ∗𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙¿¿𝟐+𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏)∗( 𝒙 −𝟓)¿
( 𝒇 ∗ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝟑 −𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟏𝟏 𝒙 +𝟓

𝑫 𝒇 ∗ 𝒈=( − ∞ , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟓

( )
𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏
( 𝒙 )=
𝒈 𝒙 −𝟓

𝑫 𝒇 = ( −∞ , 𝟓 ) ∪ ( 𝟓 , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝟓

𝒈
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟗
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟗
( 𝒇 +𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟖𝟏)+( 𝒙 +𝟗)
( 𝒇 +𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝟐+ 𝒙 −𝟕𝟐

𝑫 𝒇 +𝒈= (− ∞ , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟗
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =(𝒙 ¿¿𝟐−𝟖𝟏)− ( 𝒙 +𝟗 ) ¿
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙𝟐 −𝟖𝟏 − 𝒙 −𝟗
( 𝒇 − 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟗𝟎
or All real numbers
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟗
( 𝒇 ∗𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙¿¿𝟐− 𝟖𝟏)∗(𝒙 +𝟗)¿
( 𝒇 ∗ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝟑+𝟗 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟖𝟏 𝒙 −𝟕𝟐𝟗

𝑫 𝒇 ∗ 𝒈=( − ∞ , ∞ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Sample Problem 1: : Find and for each and . Determine the domain
of each new function.

𝟐
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟗

( )
𝒇 ( ) 𝒙 −𝟖𝟏 ( 𝒙+ 𝟗) ( 𝒙 −𝟗) If the function can be
𝟐
𝒙= = simplified, determine
𝒈 𝒙 +𝟗 𝒙+𝟗
the domain before
( 𝒈 )= 𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒇
simplifying!

All real numbers except -9

Try These : Find and for each and . Determine the domain of each
new function.

𝒈 ( 𝒙)=𝒙 −𝟕
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 −𝟒𝟗
𝟐
ANSWERS:
1.
2.
 Composition of Functions
The composition of function with function is defined by

The domain of the composite function is the set of all real

numbers such that:
1. is in the domain of and
2. is in the domain of .
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

𝒙 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒈

𝒙 𝒈𝒈 ( 𝒙) 𝒇 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))

𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒇 𝒇

Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟏
( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =? 𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=?
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙+ 𝟏
( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =? 𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=?
( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙)= 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝟐 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) − 𝟑
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝟐 ( 𝒙+ 𝟏 ) − 𝟑 𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=(− ∞ , ∞)
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝟐 𝒙+ 𝟐− 𝟑
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟑 ( ) 𝟐
𝒈 𝒙 =𝒙 +𝟏
( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =? 𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =?
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟑 ( )
𝒈 𝒙 =𝒙 +𝟏
𝟐

( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =? 𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =?
( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) )
𝟐
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) =( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) +𝟏
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) =( 𝒙 − 𝟑 ) + 𝟏
𝟐 𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =(− ∞ , ∞)
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙 +𝟗+𝟏
𝟐

𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙 +𝟏𝟎
𝟐
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
c. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= 𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=?
𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙 ( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =?
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
c. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= ( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 ) =?
𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙
( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙)= 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))
𝟐 𝟏
𝒇 (𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))= ≠𝟎𝒙 ≠𝟎
𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) −𝟑 𝒙
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝒇 (𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))= − 𝟑≠ 𝟎 𝒙 ≠
𝟏 𝒙 𝟑
−𝟑
𝒙
𝟐𝒙
𝒇 (𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))=
𝟏− 𝟑 𝒙
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
c. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= 𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=?
𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙

𝑫 𝒈 =(− ∞ , 𝟎)∪(𝟎 , ∞)
𝟏 𝟏
𝑫 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈=(− ∞ ,𝟎)∪(𝟎 , )∪( , ∞)
𝟑 𝟑
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
d. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= ( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =? 𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =?
𝒙 𝒙
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
d. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= ( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =?
𝒙 𝒙
( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) )
𝟏 𝟐
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))= ≠𝟎 𝒙≠𝟎
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒙
𝟏
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))=
𝟐
𝒙
𝒙
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))=
𝟐
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
𝟐 𝟏
d. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )= 𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =?
𝒙 𝒙

𝑫 𝒈 =(− ∞ , 𝟎)∪(𝟎 , ∞)
𝑫 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 =(− ∞ ,𝟎)∪(𝟎 , ∞)
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite function.

a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =√ 𝒙 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 − 𝟐 ( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝟔 )=?
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite function.

a. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =√ 𝒙 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 − 𝟐 ( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝟔 )=?
( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙)= 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )) 𝒇 ( 𝒈 (𝟔 ) )= √ 𝟔− 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =√ 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝟔 ) )= √ 𝟒
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =√ 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒇 ( 𝒈 (𝟔 ) )=𝟐
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite function.

𝒙 +𝟑
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟔 𝒙 −𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) = ( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝟐 ) =?
𝟐
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite function.

𝒙 +𝟑
b. 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟔 𝒙 −𝟏 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) = ( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝟐 ) =?
𝟐
( 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇 ) ( 𝒙 ) =𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) )
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) +𝟑
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))= 𝒈 ( 𝒇 (𝟐 ) )=𝟑∗ 𝟐+𝟏
𝟐
(𝟔 𝒙 − 𝟏)+ 𝟑 𝒈 ( 𝒇 (𝟐 ) )=𝟕
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))=
𝟐
𝟔 𝒙+𝟐 𝟐( 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟏)
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ))= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒈 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) =𝟑 𝒙+ 𝟏
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Decomposition of Composite Functions

When you form a composite function, you “compose”
two functions to form a new function. It is also
possible to reverse this process. You can “decompose”
a given function and express it as a composition of
two functions. Although there is more than one way
to do this, there is often a “natural” selection that
comes to mind first.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 4: Express as a composition of two functions and .

𝟐
𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙 )
𝟑
a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 4: Express as a composition of two functions and .

𝟐
𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙 )
𝟑
a.
𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 )= 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) )
𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) =( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) = ( 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙 )
𝟐 𝟑

𝟐 𝟑
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 4: Express as a composition of two functions and .

𝟑
b. 𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =
𝟑𝒙−𝟓
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 4: Express as a composition of two functions and .

𝟑
b. 𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =
𝟑𝒙−𝟓
𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ) ( 𝒙 )= 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) )
𝟑 𝟑
𝒇 (𝒈 ( 𝒙 ))= =
𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) −𝟓 𝟑 𝒙 −𝟓
𝟑
𝒇 ( 𝒙)= 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟑 𝒙
𝒙 −𝟓