Introduction to Variability

Parts of the slides of this lectures

were prepared over my teaching
lifetime based on the material that I
have learned from the following book

Ardavan Asef-Vaziri
Introduction to Variability
Suppose you had a child today. In the evening, a friend comes to visit you.
She offers a gift of either (i) a $100, or (ii) buying your child an offer from the
Piggy Bank matured in 60 years .
Every day, the Piggy-Bank deposits $100 in the account at 6AM and withdraw
it at 6PM. An interest of 6% annually compounded daily is added to the
account based on the account balance at midnight.
1. Which alternative do you chose.

Basic Models in Supply Chain Management 2

Introduction to Variability
In Out (if exist) Balance A verage A verage = 6721; NFV = 221730
100 0 100 6721.62 A verage Balance 6722
100 0 200 6721.62 Interest Rate 6.00% $32.99
100 200 100 6721.62 Days 10957
100 0 200 6721.62 FV $221,731
100 200 100 6721.62
100 0 200 6721.62 A verage=6721; NFV =221730
100 0 300 6721.62 18000

100 0 400 6721.62

16000
100 0 500 6721.62
100 0 600 6721.62 14000
100 200 500 6721.62
12000
100 0 600 6721.62
100 200 500 6721.62 10000
100 0 600 6721.62
100 0 700 6721.62 8000
100 200 600 6721.62
6000
100 0 700 6721.62
100 200 600 6721.62 4000
100 200 500 6721.62
100 200 400 6721.62 2000

100 200 300 6721.62

0
100 200 200 6721.62
314
627
940
1253
1566
1879
2192
2505
2818
3131
3444
3757
4070
4383
4696
5009
5322
5635
5948
6261
6574
6887
7200
7513
7826
8139
8452
8765
9078
9391
9704
10017
10330
10643
1

100 0 300 6721.62

100 200 200 6721.62
100 200 15100 6721.62
100 0 15200 6721.62
100 200 15100 6721.62
100 0 15200 6721.62
100 200 15100 6721.62
100 0 15200 6721.62
100 0 15300 6721.62
100 0 15400 6721.62
100 200 15300 6721.62

Basic Models in Supply Chain Management 3

Practice: Net Income vs. Net Cash Inflow
In Out (if exist) Balance Out (if exist)Balance Out (if exist) Balance Out (if exist)
Balance Out (if exist)
Balance
100 100 0 0 100 200 0 200 0 100 0 20
100 0 100 0 200 200 0 200 0 0 100 80
100 200 0 0 300 0 100 0 100 200 0 100
100 100 0 100 300 200 0 200 0 200 0 60
100 200 0 200 200 0 100 0 100 200 0 80
100 100 0 100 200 200 0 200 0 0 NFV
100 Balance =$23125660
100 200 0 0 300 100 0 10012000 0 0 200 100
100 200 0 100 300 200 0 200 0 0 300 120
100 0 100 100 300 0 100 10010000 0 200 200 140
100 0 200 0 400 0 200 200 0 100 200 200
100 200 100 100 400 200 100 0 100 100 200 180
8000
100 200 0 0 500 200 0 100 100 200 100 140
100 200 0 200 400 0 100 0 200 0 200 180
100 100 0 200 300 0 200 200 6000 100 100 200 160
100 200 0 100 300 100 200 200 0 0 300 160
100 0 100 0 400 100 200 0 4000 100 100 300 220
100 0 200 0 500 100 200 200 0 200 200 220
100 200 100 0 600 0 300 200 0 200 100 220
2000
100 100 100 100 600 100 300 0 100 200 0 220
100 100 100 200 500 0 400 0 200 100 0 240
100 0 200 200 400 0 500 0 0 300 200 0 280

393
785
1177
1569
1961
2353
2745
3137
3529
3921
4313
4705
5097
5489
5881
6273
6665
7057
7449
7841
8233
8625
9017
9409
9801
1

10193
10585
100 100 200 100 400 100 500 0 400 0 100 320
100 200 100 0 500 0 600 0 500 0 200 380
100 0 200 100 500 100 600 0 600 200 100 400
100 100 1300 200 6700 0 1700 100 500 100 10300 4100
100 200 1200 200 6600 100 1700 100 500 200 10200 4040
100 200 1100 200 6500 100 1700 200 400 200 10100 3960
100 100 1100 0 6600 0 1800 100 400 200 10000 3980
100 0 1200 0 6700 0 1900 0 500 100 10000 4060
100 100 1200 200 6600 100 1900 100 500 200 9900 4020
100 100 1200 200 6500 0 2000 0 600 0 10000 4060
100 100 1200 100 6500 100 2000 100 600 100 10000 4060
100 200 1100 100 6500 100 2000 100 600 200 9900 4020

Basic Models in Supply Chain Management 4

 3. Process Flow Measures

Process Flow
K1 . The Coffee Shop
Analysis
The Little’s Law 5

The Core Concept in Business Processes Engineering

Problem Set 2-Advanced

Eyes must be washed; to see things differently.

Sohrab Sepehri, Persian Poet, 1928 – 1980.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
6

Auto-Moto receives about 600 loan (R=600/mo or

20/day) applications per month (30 working days). All
applications go through an Initial Review sub-process,
where the applications are then classified as A (looks
excellent), B (needs more detailed evaluation), and C
(reject summarily). A and B applications would be
forwarded to sub-processes A and B, respectively. On
average, 25% of all applications go through Sub-
process A (RA=0.25*20 = 5/day), 30% go through
sub-process B  (RB=0.3*20 = 6/day), , and the rest
are rejected (RJ= 20-5-6) = 9/day). On average, 70%
of applications in sub-process A, and 10% of
applications in sub-process B are accepted and the
rest are rejected. (Recall that all Cs were rejected.) On
average 100 applications are in the Initial Review
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. New Process: The Same R, But

smaller I 7

Subprocess A 70%
Review Accepted
IA = 20 30%

25%
10%
600/month Initial Subprocess B
30% Review
Review
IR = 100 IB = 30 90%
45%

Rejected
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
8

1. What is the average flow time of an application?

The potential answers are:
A: 10.8 days.
B: 11.25 days.
C: 7.5 days.
D: 3.95 days.
E: 12.8 days.

R= 20/day
I = 100+20+30 = 150
RT=I  T=I/R  T= 150/20 = 7.5 days
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
9

2. How many applications are rejected per month? The

potential answers are:
A: 477 applications.
B: 672 applications.
C: 870 applications.
D: 880 applications.
E: 1008 applications.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. New Process: The Same R, But

smaller I 10

Subprocess A 70%
Review Accepted
30%

25%
10%
600/month Initial Subprocess B
30% Review
Review
90%
45%

Rejected
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. New Process: Intermediate

Probabilities 11

Subprocess A 17.5% 20.5%

Review Accepted
7.5%

25%
3%
Initial Subprocess B
100% 30%
Review Review
27%
45%

45% 79.5%
Rejected
R= 20/day
Rejected = 45%+7.5%+27%= 79.5%
Rejected = 0.795 (20) = 15.9/day
Rejected = 0.795 (600) = 477/ month
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
12

3. Compute the 4. Compute the 5. Compute the

average flow time average flow average flow
at Initial Review time at sub- time at sub-
sub-process. The process A. The process B. The
potential answers potential potential
are: answers are: answers are:
A: 6 days. A: 4 days. A: 2.5 days.
B: 3 days. B: 3.33 days. B: 5 days.
C: 5 days. C: 4.55 days. C: 1 days.
D: 9 days. D: 14 days. D: 7 days.
E: 10 days. E: 12 days. E: 10 days.
.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. New Process: Intermediate

Probabilities 13

Subprocess A 17.5% 20.5%

Review Accepted
IA = 20 7.5%

25%(20)=5
3%
Initial Subprocess B
20/day
Review 30%(20)=6 Review
IR = 100 IB = 30 27%
45%

45% 79.5%
Rejected

R= 20/day R= 5/day
R= 6/day
I = 100 I = 20
I = 30
TI = 100/20 = 5 TA = 20/5 = 4
TB = 30/6 = 5
days. ds.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
14

6. Compute the average flow time of an accepted

application. The potential answers are:
A: 16.17 days.
B: 12.5 days.
C: 9.15 days.
D: 20.81 days.
E: 10.8 days.
Accepted-A: Rejected-IR:
IR, A IR
Accepted-B: Rejected-A:
IR,
T B=5 IR, A
IR
Rejected-B:
days
IR, B
TA = 4
days
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. New Process: Intermediate

Probabilities 15

Subprocess A 17.5% 20.5%

Review Accepted
T=4 7.5%

25%
3%
Initial Subprocess B
100% 30%
Review Review
T= 5 T=5 27%
45%

45% 79.5%
Rejected
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Flow Time of the Accepted

Applications 16

On average 7.5 days to process an applicant.

On average, how long does it take to approve an applicant?
On average, how long does it take to reject an applicant?

Accepted-A: IR, A  Accepted-A(T) = 5 + 4 = 9 

Accepted-A = 17.5 %
Accepted-B: IR, B  Accepted-B(T) = 5 + 5 = 10 
Accepted-B = 3 %

Average Flow/time
(0.175+.0 =9.146341≈9.15
of an accepted application =
3)
[0.175(9)+0.03(10)]
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
17

7. Compute the average flow time of a rejected

application. The potential answers are:
A: 9.31 days.
B: 8.75 days.
C: 7.08 days.
D: 9.43 days.
E: 4.57 days.
Rejected-IR: IR  Rejected-IR(T) = 5  Rejected-IR(%) = 45%
Rejected-A: IR, A  Rejected-A(T) = 5+4 = 9  Rejected-A(%) =
7.5%
Rejected-B: IR, B  Rejected-B(T) = 5+5 = 10  Rejected-B(%) =
27%

[0.45(5)+0.075(9)+0.27(10)]/(0.45+.075+0.27)
Average Flow time of a rejected application =
=7.075471698≈ 7.08
 3. Process Flow Measures

M4b. Quiz-Process
18

8. Using which one of the following numbers can you

prove that the flow times that you have found for
accepted and rejected applications are correct? The
potential answers are:
A: 10.8
B: 7.5
C: 4.8
D: 3.95
E:A ctivity
12.8T (A ctivity) T(Route) % A ceepted % Rejected T(A ccepted) T(Rejected) T(A verage)
Initial 5 5 0.45 9.146341463 7.075471698 7.5
A 4 9 0.175 0.075
B 5 10 0.03 0.27
0.205 0.795
1
 3. Process Flow Measures

Practice. Compute the Flow Time

19

B 30% D
T = 15 T = 18 70%
40% 10%
100% A F 100%
T = 10 T = 10
40%
60% 30%
C 20% E
T = 12 T = 16
 3. Process Flow Measures

M1. ER1; Problem 3.4 MBPF

20

A hospital emergency room (ER) is currently organized

so that all patients register through an initial check-in
process. Each patient is seen by a doctor and then
exits the process, either with a prescription or with
admission to the hospital.
55 patients per hour arrive at the ER, 10% are
admitted to the hospital and the rest will leave with a
simple prescription.
On average, 7 people are waiting to be registered and
34 are registered and waiting to see a doctor.
The registration process takes, on average, 2 minutes
per patient. Among patients who receive prescriptions,
average time spent with a doctor is 5 minutes. Among
those admitted to the hospital, average time is 30
minutes.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M1. Directions
21

o) Draw the flow process chart

b) On average how long a patient spend in ER?
c) On average how many patients are in ER?
Hints:
Compute flow time in buffer 1
Compute average activity time of Doctor
Compute the average flow time in this process
Compute average flow time for a simple prescription patient
Compute average flow time for a potential admission patient
Compute number of patients in Doctor activity
Compute the average number of patients in the process.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M1. Flow Time

22
Potential admits
10%
Buffer 1 Registration Buffer 2 Doctor
R =55/hr
I=7 I = 34
T = 2 min T1 = 5min 90%
T2 = 30min
Simple Prescription
R I T
Buffer 1 55 7 7.6
Registeration 55 2
Buffer 2 55 34 37.1
Doctor 55 7.5
TD= 0.9(5)+0.1(30) = 7.5
54.2
Re-Check

TPA= 7.6+2+37.1+30 = 76.7

TSP= 7.6+2+37.1+5 = 51.7 TP= 0.1(76.7)+0.9(51.7) = 54.2
 3. Process Flow Measures

M1. Inventory
23

Potential admits
10%
Buffer 1 Registration Buffer 2 Doctor
R =55/hr
I=7 I = 34
T = 2 min T1 = 5min 90%
T2 = 30min
Simple Prescription

R I T
Buffer 1 55 7 7.6
Registeration 55 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 34 37.1
Doctor 55 6.9 7.5
54.2
 3. Process Flow Measures

M1. The Little’s Law

24
Potential admits
10%
Buffer 1 Registration Buffer 2 Doctor
R =55/hr
I=7 I = 34
T = 2 min T1 = 5min 90%
T2 = 30min
R I T Simple Prescription

Buffer 1 55 7 7.6
Registeration 55 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 34 37.1
Doctor 55 6.9 7.5
49.7 54.2

Recheck I = 49.7, R = 55. Is our T= 54.2 correct?

RT= I
R = 55/60 = 0.916667 minutes
RT = I  T=I/R = 49.7/0.916667 = 54.2
 3. Process Flow Measures

M2. ER2; Problem 3.5 MBPF

25

A triage system has been proposed for the ER described in

Exercise 3.4. As mentioned earlier, 55 patients per hour
arrive at the ER. Patients will be registered as before and it
takes an average of 2 minutes per patient. They will then be
quickly examined by a nurse practitioner who will classify
them as Simple Prescriptions or Potential Admits. Planners
anticipate that the initial examination by triage nurses will
take 3 minutes. They expect that, on average, 20 patients
will be waiting to register and 5 will be waiting to be seen by
the triage nurse. Planners expect eh Simple Prescriptions
area to have, on average, 15 patients waiting to be seen. As
before, once a patient’s turn come, each will take 5 minutes
of a doctor’s time. The hospital anticipates that, on average,
the emergency area will have only 1 patient waiting to be
seen . As before, once that patient’s turn comes, he or she
will take 30 minutes of a doctor’s time. Assume that, as
 3. Process Flow Measures

M2. Directions
26

o) Draw the flow process chart

a) On average how many patients are in ER?
b) On average, how long a patient spend in ER?
c) Compute average flow rate in buffer 3 and buffer 4.
d) Compute average flow time in all buffers.
e) Compute average number of patients in all activities.
f) On average, how long does a simple prescription patient spend in
the ER?
d) On average, how long does a Potential Admit patient spend in the
ER?
 3. Process Flow Measures

M2. Process Flow and TR=I Table

27

Buffer 3 Potential admits

5.5/hr
Buffer 1 Registration Buffer 2 Triage Nurse
55/hr

49.5/h
r Buffer 4 Simple Prescription

R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20
Registeration 55 0.916667 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 30
Buffer 4 49.5 0.825 15
Simple Prescription 49.5 0.825 5
 3. Process Flow Measures

M2. Inventory and Flow Time; Macro

Method 28

R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30
Buffer 4 49.5 0.825 15 18.2
Simple Prescription 49.5 0.825 4.1 5
a) On average, how many patients are in ER?I = 52.5
ER
b) On average, how long will a patient spend in ER?
Method 1: Macro Method, a single flow unit
RER= 55/60 flow units / min , IER= 52.5

TER = 52.5/(55/60) = 57.2

 3. Process Flow Measures

M2. Flow Time; Micro Method

29
R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2.0
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3.0
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30.0
Buffer 4 49.5 0.825 15 18.2
Simple Prescription 49.5 0.825 4.1 5.0

Method 2: Micro Method, two flow units, Potential Admission and Simple
Prescription
TPA= 21.8+2+5.5+3+10.9 +30 = 73.2
TSP= 21.8+2+5.5+3+18.2 +5 = 55.5

c) OnTER= .1(73.2)+.9(55.5)
average, how long will a potential= 57.3 patient spend in ER?
admission 73.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. ER3; Problem 3.6 MBPF

30

Refer again to Exercise 3.5. Once the triage system is

put in place, it performs quite close to expectations. All
data conform to planners’ expectations except for one
set-the classifications made by the nurse practitioner.
Assume that the triage nurse has been sending 91% of
all patients to the Simple Prescription area when in fact
only 90% should have been so classified. The remaining
1% is discovered when transferred to the emergency
area by a doctor. Assume all other information from
Exercise 3.5 to be valid.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. Directions
31

o) Draw the flow process chart

a) On average how many patients are in ER?
b) On average, how long a patient spend in ER?
c) Compute average flow rate in buffer 3 and buffer 4.
d) Compute average flow time in all buffers.
e) Compute average number of patients in all
activities.
f) On average, how long does a simple prescription
patient spend in the ER?
d) On average, how long does a Potential Admit patient
spend in the ER?
 3. Process Flow Measures
Problem 3.6
M3. Process Flow and Throughputs
32
Buffer 3 Potential admits
4.95/hr
Buffer 1 Registration Buffer 2 Triage Nurse
55/hr
0.55/hr

50.05/h
r Buffer 4 Simple Prescription

R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20
Registeration 55 0.916667 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 30
Buffer 4 50.05 0.834167 15
Simple Prescription 50.05 0.834167 5
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. Inventory and Flow Time; Macro

Method 33

R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30
Buffer 4 50.05 0.834167 15 18.0
Simple Prescription 50.05 0.834167 4.2 5
Macro: Average number of patients in the system =
20+1.8+5+2.8+1+2.8+15+4.2 = 52.6
Average flow time = I/R = 52.6/(55/60) = 57.3
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. Flow Time; Simple Prescription

34

R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30
Buffer 4 50.05 0.834167 15 18.0
Simple Prescription 50.05 0.834167 4.2 5

Micro Method Compute SP and PA first

TSP= 32.3+18+5 = 55.3
Common =
21.8 +2+5.5+3 = 32.3
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. Flow Time; Potential Admission and

Overall 35
R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30
Buffer 4 50.05 0.834167 15 18
Simple Prescription 50.05 0.834167 4.2 5

0.0 Potential
9 Admissio
Common n
32.3 40.9
0.0
1
Simple
0.9 55.3 Prescripti
0.09 73.2 0.
on 9
0.01 96.2
23
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3. Flow Time; Potential Admission and

Overall 36
R R/min I T
Buffer 1 55 0.916667 20 21.8
Registeration 55 0.916667 1.8 2
Buffer 2 55 0.916667 5 5.5
Triage Nurse 55 0.916667 2.8 3
Buffer 3 5.5 0.091667 1 10.9
Potential Admission 5.5 0.091667 2.8 30
Buffer 4 50.05 0.834167 15 18
Simple Prescription 50.05 0.834167 4.2 5

TPA1= 32.3 +10.9+30 = 73.2 ……(4.95 PA patients out of 5.5 PA

patient: 90%)
TPA2= 73.2+18+5 = 96.2 (0.55 PA patients out of 5.5 PA patient:
10%)
TSP= 55.3 is 90% of flow units, and TPA =75.5 is for 10% of flow
TPA = 73.2(.9) + 96.2(.1) =75.5
units Rechec
T = 55.3 (.9) + 75.5(.1) = 57.32 k
T= 55.3 (0.9) + 73.2 (0.09) + 96.2 (0.01)
Recheck
T= 57.32
Again
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. HealthCare
37
80 patients per hour arrive at a hospital emergency room (ER). All
patients first register through an initial registration process. On
average there are 9 patients waiting in the Rg-Buffer. The
registration process takes 6 minutes.
Patients are then examined by a triage nurse practitioner. On
average there are 2 patients waiting in the Tr-Buffer in front of the
triage process, and the triage classification process takes 5 minutes.
On average, 91% of the patients are sent to the Simple-prescription
process and the remainder to Hospital-admission.
On average, there are 6 patients waiting in the Simple-prescription
buffer (Sp-Buffer) in front of this process. A physician spends 6
minutes on each patient in the Simple-prescription process.
In addition, on average, 2 patients per hour are sent to the Hospital-
admission buffer buffer (Hs-Buffer) after being examined for 6
minutes in the Simple prescription process.
On average, 0.9 patients are waiting in the Hospital-admission
buffer (Hs-Buffer). A physician spends 25 minutes on each patient in
the Hospital-admits process.
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

38
HsBuff:0.9 Hs:25
9%
RgBuff:9 Rg:6 TrBuff:2 Tr:5
80/hr
2/hr

91%
SpBuff:6 Sp:6
R R/min I T
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9
RgProc 80 1.333333 6
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2
TrProc 80 1.333333 5
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 6
HsBuff 7.2 0.12 0.9
HsProc 7.2 0.12 25
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

39
HsBuff:0.9 Hs:25
9%
RgBuff:9 Rg:6 TrBuff:2 Tr:5
80/hr
2/hr

91%
SpBuff:6 Sp:6
R R/min I T
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9
RgProc 80 1.333333 6
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2
TrProc 80 1.333333 5
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 6
HsBuff 9.2 0.153333 0.9
HsProc 9.2 0.153333 25
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

40
HsBuff:0.9 Hs:25
9%
RgBuff:9 Rg:6 TrBuff:2 Tr:6
80/hr
2/hr

91%
SpBuff:6 Sp:6
R R/min I T
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9 6.75
RgProc 80 1.333333 6.00
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2 1.50
TrProc 80 1.333333 5.00
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6 4.95
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 6.00
HsBuff 9.2 0.153333 0.9 5.87
HsProc 9.2 0.153333 25.00
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

41
HsBuff:0.9 Hs:25
9%
RgBuff:9 Rg:6 TrBuff:2 Tr:6
80/hr
2/hr

91%
SpBuff:6 Sp:6
R R/min I T
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9 6.75
RgProc 80 1.333333 8.0 6.00
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2 1.50
TrProc 80 1.333333 6.7 5.00
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6 4.95
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 7.3 6.00
HsBuff 9.2 0.153333 0.9 5.87
HSProc 9.2 0.153333 3.8 25.00
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

42
HsBuff:0.9 Hs:25
9%
RgBuff:9 Rg:6 TrBuff:2 Tr:6
80/hr
2/hr

91%
R R/min I T SpBuff:6 Sp:6
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9 6.75
RgProc 80 1.333333 8.0 6 Average flow time
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2 1.5 =
TrProc 80 1.333333 6.7 5
T = I/R =
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6 4.945055
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 7.3 6 43.68/(80/60) =
HsBuff 9.2 0.153333 0.9 5.869565 32.76
HsProc 9.2 0.153333 3.8 25
43.68
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

43

R R/min I T
RgBuff 80 1.333333 9.00 6.75
RgProc 80 1.333333 8.00 6.00
TrBuff 80 1.333333 2.00 1.50
TrProc 80 1.333333 6.67 5.00 19.25
SpBuff 72.8 1.213333 6.00 4.95
SpProc 72.8 1.213333 7.28 6.00 10.95
HsBuff 9.2 0.153333 0.90 5.87
HsProc 9.2 0.153333 3.83 25.00 30.87

Common: 6.75+6+1.5+5 = 19.25

TSP= 19.25+10.95 = 30.2
TPA1= 19.25 +30.87 = 50.12 ……(7.2 PA patients out of
9.2 PA patients)
TPA2= 19.25 +10.95 +30.87 = 61.07 (2 PA patients out
of 9.2 PA patients)
 3. Process Flow Measures

M3b. Process Flow and Throughputs

44

Potential
7.
Admissio
Common 2 n
19.25 30.87
2
70.8 30.2 Simple
7.2 50.12 Prescripti
70.
2 61.07 on
10.95 8
TPA = 50.12(7.2/9.2) + 61.07(2/9.2) =
TPA = 50.12(0.782609) + 61.07(0.217391) = 52.5
We already have the Average flow time
T = I/R = 43.68/(80/60) = 32.76
T= 30.20(70.8/80) + 50.12 (7.2/80) + 61.07 (2/80)
Rechec
T = 32.76 k