3.
1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
Chapter 3
Scientific Measurement
3.1 Using and Expressing
Measurements
Scientific Notation
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
• Daily Question
• How can you make this number easier to
read?
• 1203000000000000
2
3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > CHEMISTRY & YOU
How do you measure a photo finish?
Sprint times are often
measured to the nearest
hundredth of a second
(0.01 s).
Chemistry also requires
making accurate and
often very small
measurements.
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
• Learning Targets
• I can put numbers into scientific
notation and take numbers out of
scientific notation
• I can add, subtract, multiply and
divide numbers with scientific notation
using a calculator
4
3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
How do you write numbers in
scientific notation?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
• A measurement is a quantity that has
both a number and a unit.
• Your height (66 inches), your age
(15 years), and your body
temperature (37 °C) are examples
of measurements.
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
• In chemistry, you will often encounter very
large or very small numbers.
• A single gram of hydrogen, for example,
contains approximately
602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000
hydrogen atoms.
• You can work more easily with very large
or very small numbers by writing them in
scientific notation.
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
• In scientific notation, a given number is written
as the product of two numbers: a coefficient and
10 raised to a power.
• For example, the number
602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 can be
written in scientific notation as 6.022 x 10 23.
• Count how many times the decimal moved
above
• The coefficient in this number is 6.022.
• The power of 10, or exponent, is 23.
• What information is provide by the exponent?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
Learning Check
Why do chemists write numbers in
scientific notation?
• to make very large or small
numbers easier to read
What is the format for writing
numbers in scientific notation?
Coefficient x 10x
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
In scientific notation, the coefficient is
always a number between 1 and 10. The
exponent is an integer.
• A positive exponent indicates how many times
the coefficient must be multiplied by 10.
• A negative exponent indicates how many times
the coefficient must be divided by 10.
10
3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
Scientific Notation
When the exponent is positive it equals the
number of places that the original decimal point
has been moved to the left.
6,300,000. = 6.3 x 106
How many places did
94,700. = 9.47 x 10 4
the decimal move?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
When the exponent is negative it equals the
number of places that the original decimal point
has been moved to the right.
0.000 008 = 8 x 10–6
How many places did
0.00736 = 7.36 x 10–3 the decimal move?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Learning Check
• Scientific notation is used to express very
large
_____________ small
and very ____________
numbers.
• Scientific notation is composed of a
coefficient
________________ ten
and ____________ raised to
a _______________
power .
• A positive exponent indicates how many times
multiplied
the coefficient must be ____________ by 10.
• A negative exponent indicates how many times
divided
the coefficient must be _________ by 10.
13
3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific notation
• Using a calculator
• The EE button on the calculator means “times 10”
• (3 x 104) x (2 x 102) = 6 x 106
3 2nd EE 4 x 2 EE 2 = 6000000
• (2.1 x 103) x (4.0 x 10–7) = 8.4 x 10–4
2.1 2nd EE 3 x 4 EE - 7 = 0.00084
14
3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
Multiplication and Division
To divide numbers written in scientific notation,
divide the coefficients and subtract the exponent
in the denominator from the exponent in the
numerator.
3.0 x 105 = 5.0 x 102
6.0 x 102
3 2nd EE 5 ÷ 6 2nd EE 2 =
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Scientific Notation
Addition and Subtraction
For example, when adding 5.4 x 103 and 8.0 x
102, first rewrite the second number so that the
exponent is a 3. Then add the numbers.
(5.4 x 103) + (8.0 x 102) = 6.2 x 103
5.4 2nd EE 3 + 8 2nd EE 2 = 6200
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Sample Problem 3.1
Using Scientific Notation
Use your calculator to solve each problem and
express the answer in scientific notation.
a. (8.0 x 10–2) x (7.0 x 10–5)
b. (7.1 x 10–2) + (5 x 10–3)
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > Sample Problem 3.1
2 Solve
Use your calculator to solve this problem
a. (8.0 x 10–2) x (7.0 x 10–5) = 5.6 x 10–6
b. (7.1 x 10–2) + (5 x 10–3) = 7.6 x 10–2
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
The mass of one molecule of water written in
scientific notation is 2.99 x 10–23 g. What is
the mass in standard notation?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
The mass of one molecule of water written in
scientific notation is 2.99 x 10–23 g.
What is the mass in standard notation?
The mass of one molecule of water in standard notation is
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0299 gram.
What information does the exponent indicate about the
number?
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3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
END OF 3.1 Scientific notation
1. Stand Up.
2. Start by waving your right hand in
front of you left to right. Your palm
should be facing away from you
while keeping your hand with your
fingers pointing up.
3. Now stop that hand and have
your left hand in front of you waving it
up and down.
4. Now practice moving them at the
SAME TIME. Do not move your
hands going diagonally.
5. Now switch to have your right
hand up and down and your left hand
left and right. Do this faster and
switch often to make it more difficult.
6. Lastly, to increase the difficulty,
have your arms crossed while
doing this.
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