Scribd
Upload
31 views50 pages

Sentence Structure Types

SEN

Uploaded by

Faisal Jahangeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views50 pages

Sentence Structure Types

SEN

Uploaded by

Faisal Jahangeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 50

Sentence

Structure:
Sentence Types
Sentence: Definition & Types
• A sentence is the largest unit of any language. In English, it begins with
a capital letter and ends with a full-stop, or a question mark, or
an exclamation mark.
• The sentence is generally defined as a word or a group of words that
expresses a thorough idea by giving a statement/order, or asking a question,
or exclaiming.
• Example:
• He is a good boy (statement), Is he a good boy? (question), What a nice
weather! (exclaiming).
• Ideally, a sentence requires at least one subject and one verb. Sometimes the
subject of a sentence can be hidden, but the verb must be visible and present
in the sentence. Verb is called the heart of a sentence.
Sentence: Definition & Types
• Example:
• Do it. (In this sentence, a subject ‘you’ is hidden but verb ‘do’ is visible)
• “[A sentence is] a group of words, usually containing a verb, that expresses a
thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction, or
exclamation and starts with a capital letter when written.” - (Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press.)
• More Examples of Sentences
• In other words, a complete English sentence must have three characteristics:
• First, in written form, a sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a
period (i.e., a full stop) [.], a note of interrogation (i.e., a question mark) [?], or
a note of exclamation (i.e., an exclamation mark) [!].
• Second, it must express a complete thought, not fragmented.
Sentence Types

• Simple Sentence
• Compound Sentence
• Complex Sentence
• Compound-Complex Sentence
Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary plays tennis.


Simple Sentence
• A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
• A simple sentence must have a single clause (a
single verb) which is independent, and it cannot
take another clause.
• Example:
• I always wanted to become a writer. (One clause –
one verb)
Simple Sentence

Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:

We went to San Juan yesterday.


Simple Sentence

Pronoun Verb Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan .

Simple subject Complete predicate


SIMPLE SENTENCE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary plays tennis.

one subject one predicate


Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary play tennis.

Compound Subject

&
Simple Sentence

play tennis and swim.


Tom and Mary

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

& &
SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.


SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and


swim.
Compound Sentence
Compound Sentence
• A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand alone (independent
clauses).

• Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive


adverbs or a semi-colon.
• A compound sentence must have more than one
independent clause with no dependent clauses. Some
specific conjunctions, punctuation, or both are used to join
together these clauses.
• Example:
• I always wanted to become a writer, and she wanted to
become a doctor. (Two independent clauses – two verbs)
Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan, and


most of us did research work all night.
Compound Sentence
Subject Verb Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan,

Predicate
Coordinating
Conjunction
and most of us did research all night .

Subject Verb Modifying phrase


Compound Sentence

Use of Coordinating Conjunctions

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Compound Sentence
Tom swims,

and

Mary plays tennis.


COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Comma before “and”


in compound
sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Ahmed is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Note: Semicolon
before conjunctive
adverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!
Conjunctive Adverbs “float”

• Conjunctive adverbs are


sometimes called “floating”
adverbs because they can be
positioned at the beginning, in the
middle, or at the end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.


Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Semicolons

• “If the relation between the ideas


expressed in the main clauses is
very close and obvious without a
conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon” (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON

Tom has benefited from his exercise


program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence
Complex Sentence
• A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand
alone and another one that cannot
• The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the
sentence by a subordinating conjunction
Complex Sentence
• A complex sentence also has more than one clause but
of one them must be an independent clause and the
other/others must be (a) dependent clause(es).
• There are also some particular connectors for the
clauses of a complex sentence to be connected.
• Example:
• I know that you always wanted to become a writer, but I
always wanted to become a doctor.
• (Here, one dependent clause is followed by a complex
connector and two independent clauses with a compound
conjunction between them.)
Complex Sentence

Since my friend and I wanted to have fun,

we went to San Juan yesterday.


Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

Subordinating Part that cannot stand alone


Conjunction
Subject Predicate

we went to San Juan yesterday.


Complex Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

even though

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Complex Sentence

Bob is popular

even though

he is ugly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating


conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"as," "because," "before," "how,"
"if," "once," "since," "than,"
"that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and
while."
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1
Clause 2
Independent
Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
• This type of sentence has more than one
part that can stand alone, and at least one
that cannot.

• Conjunctions link the different parts of this


sentence.
Compound-Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday,

and we danced all night.


Compound-Complex Sentence
Subordinating
Conjunction

Since we wanted to have fun,


Part that cannot stand alone

my boyfriend and I went to San Juan,

Coordinating Subject Predicate


Conjunction

and we danced all night.


Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular

because

he is good looking,

but

he is not very happy.


Exercises

Say if the following sentences are:


Simple, compound, complex or compound-
complex.
1. The bell rang.
2. Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara
biked the second part.
3. He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the
climber moves up the rock.
4. The skier turned and jumped.
5. Naoki passed the test because he studied
hard and understood the material.
Answers
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Simple
5. Compound-complex
1. Because Kayla has so much climbing
experience , we asked her to lead our group.
2. You and I need piano lessons.
3. I planned to go to the hockey game, but I
couldn’t get tickets.
4. Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she
also enjoys kayaking.
5. There are many problems to solve before this
program can be used, but engineers believe
that they will be able to solve them soon.
Answers
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Compound
4. Compound
5. Compound-complex

You might also like