MIS

Management Information Systems

 Housekeeping for the Course
• Communication:
– Class Meetings (As Scheduled)
– Email [email protected]
– Class WhatsApp Group : For Last minute
emergencies or changes.
– Office Hours: Tue/Thu 2-4 PM
or by appointment. (Room E301)
 Housekeeping for the Course
• Grading:
10% Assignments & Quizzes
10% CP & Attendance
10% Readings
20% Presentations (2)
25% Midterm Exam
25% Final Exam
• Professional Standards
Academic Integrity--”Do your own work”
Behavioral Integrity -- “Do unto others . . . “
 Penalties
• Assignments
– 0% if late
– Do not ask for any marks after the submission
date

• Plagiarism
– ZERO on first attempt
– Submission to the Department on second attempt
 Attendance Policy
• Maximum 5 absences to get full attendance
marks
• Maximum 8 absences to be allowed to sit in
the final exam
• Includes all informed and uninformed leaves
Relative vs Absolute?
 Book Readings
• The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple,
Facebook and Google By Scott Galloway
• The Startup Way by Eric Ries
 Project Presentations 1
Areas of Research: Requirements for Report:
– Mobile Technology • Literature Review Report
– Technology Convergence
• Document Title Page
– Cloud Computing • Introduction
– Augmented/Virtual Reality • Body (Key Issues, goals,
– Big Data problems, discussion on findings)
– Robotics • Critical Analysis
– IoT • Conclusion and
– AI/Machine Learning Recommendations
– Data Analytics
– Digital Governments • Word limit: 5000-8000 (all
– Quantum Computing inclusive)
– Block chain • Presentations in groups of 3-
4
 Reading Texts

• Essentials of MIS by Kenneth & Jane Laudon

12th Edition.
• Management Information Systems for the
information age by Stephen Haag 9th Edition.
 Important Dates

Book 1: March 19
Presentation 1: March 26, 28
Midterm: April 16
Book 2: May 7
Project Presentation : May 28, 30
Final: TBD

These dates will not change!

 Data, Information & knowledge

Data:
Facts and Statistics in raw form
No Meaning
45, 23, 67, 82, 71
Blue, Red, White
Left, right, straight, down, up
 Data, Information & knowledge
Information
Meaningful and useful interpretation of data
that can be used in making decisions.
Age of applicants: 45, 23, 67, 82, 71
Color of cars: Blue, Red, White
Hidden Gift: Left, right, straight, down, up
Societies mainly depend on the information

Data Process Information

 Data, Information & knowledge
Knowledge
A fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual
information, expert insight and grounded intuition
that provides an environment and framework for
evaluating and incorporating new experiences and
information. According to Wiki.
Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person
through experience or education.
The application of data and information – answers
the how questions
 Wisdom
• Represents human beliefs, purposes, values and judgement
which allows us to make decisions based on knowledge.
• Critically questions, particularly from a human perspective
of morals and ethics
A Sequential Process of Knowing
 We know more than we can tell.”
(Michael Polanyi, 1966)
• How do we recognize faces?
• Leadership, aesthetic sense, body language, intuition
 Explicit Knowledge
Formal and systematic:
Easily communicated & shared in product specifications,
scientific formula or as computer programs.

Management of explicit knowledge:

Management of processes and information

a n B
i s e uild an
Ra oice engine
i nv
Service an AC
 Tacit Knowledge
Highly personal:
Hard to formalize;
Difficult (but not impossible) to articulate;
Often in the form of know how.

Management of tacit knowledge is the

management of people:
How do you extract and disseminate tacit knowledge.
 Tacit Knowledge
• Tacit knowledge is a particular challenge for
knowledge management
• Firms try to prevent knowledge loss due to
employee turnover
• Tacit knowledge almost always goes with the
employee
– Leadership
– Aesthetic Sense
– Intuition
Knowledge As An Attribute of Expertise
• An expert in a specialized area masters the
knowledge
• The unique performance of a knowledgeable
expert is clearly noticeable in decision-making
quality
• Knowledgeable experts are more selective in
the information they acquire
• Expertise = Experience + knowledge
Deductive and Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning: exact reasoning. It

deals with exact facts and exact conclusions.
• Inductive reasoning: reasoning from a set of
facts or individual cases to a general
conclusion.
 Deductive Reasoning
We know that all high performers are highly
proficient in their jobs.
If Ali is a high performer, we then conclude that
he is highly proficient in his job

All humans are mortal. Raheel is a human.

Therefore, Raheel is mortal.
 Inductive reasoning
Jennifer leaves for school at 7:00 a.m. Jennifer is always on time.
Jennifer assumes, then, that she will always be on time if she
leaves at 7:00 a.m.

The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is
red. The chair in the bedroom is red. All chairs in the house are
red.

All basketball players in your University are tall, so all basketball

players must be tall.
Inductive reasoning
 Deductive or Inductive
• I heard lots of barking last night. The neighbor’s
dog must’ve been pretty upset about
something, since he rarely barks.
Inductive
• No book in English begins numbering its pages
on a left-hand page. This is a book in English,
therefore it will begin its numbering on a right-
hand page.
Deductive
 Deductive or Inductive

• Jack is taller than Jill. Jill is taller than Joey.

Therefore, Jack is taller than Joey.
Deductive
• Cats routinely kill birds and mice. There is a
cat, so it almost assuredly kills birds and mice.
Inductive
Why Do People Need Information?

• Decision-making
• Problem-solving
• Entertainment
• Enlightenment
 The Uptake of Information:
Emergence of the global economy

• Competition
• 24x7
• Global village
• Travel
• Media
Methods for conveying information
 The Uptake of Information:
Transformation of the modern enterprise

IT accommodates management in orgs that are:

• Flattening
• Decentralizing
• Flexible
• Location independent
• And striving for:
–Low transaction and coordination costs;
empowerment; collaborative work and teamwork
 The Uptake of Information:
Transformation of the modern enterprise
 Dimensions of information
Time
Location
Form
 WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
• System: A set of components that work
together to achieve a common goal
• Subsystem: One part of a system where the
products of more than one system are
combined to reach an ultimate goal
• Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no
contact with other systems
• Open system: System that interfaces with
other systems
Subsystems
 Questions to ask
• Where does the system obtain its data?
• What does the system do with the data?
• What problems does the system solve?
• What differences does the system make?
What is Information Technology/Systems
What is Information Technology?
• Any form of technology used by people to handle
information.
– Hardware (PC, UNIX server)
– Software (e-mail, Internet, Windows, Word)
– Consumer devices (mobiles, train times)

What are Information Systems?

• Information systems are formal, sociotechnical,
organizational systems designed to collect, process,
store, and distribute information
Management Information Systems
• A managerial decision-making tool
• It is a set of procedures, which provides
necessary data and information to the
management for making informed decisions
• In short, MIS is a complete knowledge of
everything transpiring in the functioning of an
organization.

• Anytime, anywhere with wireless

 Management Information Systems
• MIS involves three
primary resources:
Technology, Information,
and People.
• The MIS helps in
Strategic Planning and
processing.
 Elements of MIS
1.Hardware
2.Software
3.Control
4.Databases and application
programs
5.People
6.Telecommunications and
Networks
People use
Information technology to work with
Information
 MIS should be:
• Common database: This is the basic feature of MIS
to achieve the objective of using MIS in business
organizations.
• Computerized: MIS can be used without a
computer. But the use of computers increases the
effectiveness and the efficiency of the system.
• User friendly/Flexibility: An MIS should be
flexible.
• Information as a resource: Information is the major
ingredient of any MIS.
 Important objectives of MIS
To provide managers with information (reports) for
effective decision making and feedback usually on daily
operations.
• Must do in a cost-effective manner
 Outputs Of MIS
• Scheduled reports which
are produced periodically,
or on a Schedule (daily,
weekly, monthly).

• Key-indicator report
Daily reports which
summarize the previous day’s
critical activities.
– Usually linked to critical
success factors.
 Scheduled Report Example

Weekly Defect Report

Week Ending November 22, 2020

Condition
Sold Returns Minor Serious Status
216 129 19 110 Normal( >50%)
Key Indicator Report Example

Daily Auction Report

Week Ending November 22, 2020

Qty Amount As Is Status

24 $34,023 23 Normal
 Outputs Of MIS
• Demand report which
gives certain information
at a manager’s request.

• Exception report which

is automatically produced
when a situation is
unusual or requires
management action.
Demand Report Example
Exception Report Example
 Drill-Down Reports
Let’s use drill down
reports and find out
why earnings are up
so much.

I can’t understand it. Our

earnings are up 25% for
the quarter.

• These reports provide increasingly detailed

information about a situation.
 MIS
Business R&D
trans- MIS Basic Reports
actions
HR Drill Down Reports
Transaction MIS Exception Reports
Data Demand Reports
Marketing Scheduled Reports
TPS MIS
Key-indicator
Financial
Reports
MIS

Manufacturing
External MIS
Data
Other ...
MIS
 How MIS Obtain Their Data

MIS receive data from an organization’s TPS systems and create

outputs that management can use to make strategic decisions
MIS Impact on Business Operations
Roles and Responsibilities in MIS
The Gap Between Business Personnel and IT
Personnel
Gap Solutions
• Business personnel possess • Business personnel must
expertise in functional areas seek to increase their
such as marketing, understanding of IT
accounting, and sales.
• IT personnel must seek to
• IT personnel have the increase their understanding
technological expertise of the business

• This typically causes a • It is usually the responsibility

communications gap of the CIO to ensure effective
between the business communication between
personnel and IT personnel business personnel and IT
personnel
 Benefits of MIS
• It improves personal efficiency and
communication
• It expedites problem solving(speed up the
progress of problems solving in an organization)
• It creates a competitive advantage over
competition
• It promotes learning or training
• It increases organizational control