T E C H N I C A L P R E S E N TAT I O N
A D VA N C E D
MACHINE
LEARNING AND
DEEP LEARNING
TECHNIQUES
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
MACHINE LEARNING
DEEP LEARNING
NEURAL NETWORKS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE
LEARNING
Definition:Machine learning (ML) is a
branch of artificial intelligence (AI)
and computer science that focuses
on the using data and algorithms to
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enable AI to imitate the way that
humans learn, gradually improving its
accuracy.
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EVOLUTION OF AI
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KEY DIFFERENCES
Traditional Programming Machine Learning
1. The focus is on writing clear instructions 1. The model identifies patterns and makes
for the computer to follow. decisions based on the input data.
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2. Data is often static. 2. The quality and quantity of data
significantly impact the model's
3. It is less flexible in adapting to new
performance and accuracy.
scenarios without reprogramming.
3. Models can adapt and improve over time
4. The outcomes are predictable and can be
as they are exposed to more data.
easily traced back to specific lines of
code or logic. 4. The outcomes can be more opaque.
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INTRODUCTION TO DEEP
LEARNING
Definition:Deep Learning (DL) is an
advanced subset of ML that uses
neural networks with multiple layers
(deep networks) to process large
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amounts of data. DL is particularly
powerful for unstructured data like
images, videos, and text.
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GROWTH OF AI TECHNIQUES
Data Complexity AI Technique Applications
Low Complexity Traditional Programming Rule-based systems, simple
algorithms
Moderate Complexity Machine Learning (ML) Spam detection,
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recommendation systems,
predictive analytics
High Complexity Deep Learning (DL) Image recognition, natural
language processing,
autonomous vehicles
High Complexity Advance DL techniques Generative models,
reinforcement learning,
complex game playing
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NEURAL NETWORK
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TYPES OF LEARNING IN ML
1. Supervised Learning
2. Unsupervised Learning
3. Reinforcement Learning
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SUPERVISED LEARNING
Supervised learning involves algorithms like:
Support Vector Machines (SVM): Finds the optimal
boundary separating classes.
Random Forest: Ensemble technique using multiple
decision trees.
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Gradient Boosting: Sequential trees focused on
correcting previous mistakes.
These algorithms handle large datasets and complex
decision boundaries.
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SUPERVISED LEARNING
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UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
It Identifies patterns from unlabeled data (e.g., clustering, dimensionality
reduction).
Clustering algorithms such as K-Means groups data points into clusters
based on similarity.
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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduces dimensionality, preserving key
features for visualization and modeling.
t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) creates 2D
visualizations from high-dimensional data, useful in exploring large datasets
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UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
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REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is based on Markov Decision
Processes (MDPs)
It uses policies to determine the best actions to maximize
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cumulative rewards.
Key techniques include Q-Learning, where agents learn the value
of taking actions in certain states, and deep reinforcement
learning (used in AlphaGo and robotics).
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REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
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C O M PA R I S O N B E T W E E N
LEARNINGS
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D ATA P R E P R O C E S S I N G I N
MACHINE LEARNING
Raw data needs to be cleaned and preprocessed before
training models. Techniques include:
Handling missing values: imputation methods (mean, median,
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mode).
Data normalization: scaling features to a common range.
Feature scaling: Standardization and Min-Max scaling.
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D ATA P R E P R O C E S S I N G I N
MACHINE LEARNING
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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F E AT U R E E N G I N E E R I N G
Feature engineering involves creating new input features from
raw data to improve model performance. Techniques include:
Binning: Grouping continuous variables into bins.
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One-Hot Encoding: Converting categorical variables into binary
form.
Polynomial Features: Generating interaction terms between
variables.
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F E AT U R E E N G I N E E R I N G
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M O D E L E VA L U AT I O N
TECHNIQUES
Common evaluation metrics for ML models include:
Confusion Matrix: Visualizes true positives, false negatives, etc.
ROC-AUC Curve: Plots true positive rate against false positive
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rate.
Cross-Validation: Splits data into train/test sets to prevent
overfitting.
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THANK YOU
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