Introduction to

Information
and
Communicatio
n Technology
 ICT

Computer
It is an electronic device that
accepts, process and display
information instruct by the
user.
 ICT

Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Using Computer
 ICT

Advantages of using
Computers
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
 ICT

Disadvantages of
using Computers
Violationof Privacy
Impact on Labor
Health Risks
Impact on Environments
 ICT
Becoming Computer
Savvy
 Understand general computer
terms.
 Have a better sense of computers
when buying.
 Know how to fix ordinary problems
 Efficiently use the Internet
 Know how to learn new and different
programs
DATA AND
INFORMATION
WHAT IS INFORMATION?
It comes from selecting DATA
Summarize
Represent unstructured facts that need to be processed.
Roles of data: record objectives facts (measurable events, or objects).
Present
Transform into meaningful
Useful to recipient or specific human being

Source: (Avison and Fitzgerald [1995: 12]

THE DATA AND INFORMATION
THE POWER OF DATA
AND INFORMATION
INFORMATION IS POWER

In just one click you can have now

the information of the world.
DATA to INFORMATION to KNOWLEDGE

A single data cannot define anything, but

many of it will turn into something.
It can be learn to become a useful and
meaningful information and apply different
adaptation (technology, science, etc.) to
evolve into new knowledge.
Example Study
Application of Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Fire Incidents in the City of Manila: An Assessment
Francis F. Balahadia and Arlene O. Trillanes
INFORMATION and TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology (IT)
It is a technology which uses computers to;
gather,
process,
store,
protect,
transfer information
Source: Dario Ilija Rendulić, 2011
 Different application using
Information and Technology
Data Mining
In computer science, the process of discovering interesting and
useful patterns and relationships in large volumes of data.

Business Intelligence
It is the use of computing technologies for the identification,
discovery and analysis of business data - like sales revenue,
products, costs and incomes.
Example Application of Data
Mining and Business
Intelligence
Service Providers (churn customer)
Retail
E-commerce
Supermarkets
Crime agencies
Medical
DOs and DON’Ts in
Information
Technology
1. Don’t be tricked into giving away
confidential information
2. Don’t use an unprotected computer
3. Lock your computer and mobile
phone when not in use
4. Stay alert and report suspicious
activity
5. Password-protect sensitive files and
devices
6. Always use hard-to-guess passwords
7. Be cautious of suspicious emails
and
links
8. Don’t install unauthorized programs
on your work computer
9. Avoid Plagiarism
 Thank You
Don’t think that posting in the internet is just
writing using a pencil that you can erase it
without any trace. It is more like a pen even
you erase it with correction tape there always
be a sign that you write something on it..
-zjmm
History of
the
Computer
 ICT

Pre-Mechanical
Computing
 ICT
Pre-Mechanical
Computing:
Counting on fingers
to pebbles
to hash marks on walls
to hash marks on bone
to hash marks in sand
 ICT

Mechanical
Computers
 ABACUS
ABACUS
Abacus used by
merchants
throughout the
ancient world.
Beads
represent
figures (data);
by moving the
The abacus is beads
believed to have according to
been invented in 4th
century B.C.
rules, the user
can add,
subtract,
multiply, or
 ABACUS
The abacus
remained in
use until a
worldwide
deluge of
cheap pocket
calculators put
the abacus out
The abacus is
believed to have of work, after
been invented in 4th being used for
century B.C.
thousands of
years.
 Napier’s Bones
and Logarithms
John Napier, a
Scotsman,
invented
logarithms
which use
lookup tables
to find the
solution to
The napier’s bones otherwise
and logarithms is tedious and
believed to have
been invented in error-prone
1617 mathematical
calculations.
 PASCAL
CALCULATOR
Pascaline
French
Blaise Pascal mathematician
and philosopher
Blaise Pascal, was
the son of a tax
collector and a
mathematical
FRONT
genius. He
designed the first
mechanical
calculator
(Pascaline) based
on gears. It
performed
REAR
addition and
subtraction.
 LEIBNIZ’S
CALCULATOR
Gottfried Leibniz

Gottfried
Leibniz was a
German
mathematician
that invents
the first
mechanical
calculator
capable of
LEIBNIZ’S multiplication
CALCULATOR (1674)
and division.
 JACQUARD’S
LOOM
Joseph-Marie
Jacquard French
weaver, creates
an automatic,
Joseph-Marie Jacquard
programmable
weaving machine
that creates
fabrics with richly
detailed patterns.
It is controlled by
means of punched
cards.

JACQUARD’S LOOM
(1804)
 ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
Charles Babbage
the Father of the
computer
Charles Babbage designs a
“Difference
Difference Engine
Engine” in 1820
or 1821 with a
massive
calculator
designed to print
Analytical Engine
astronomical
tables. The
British
government
Ada Lovelace
cancelled the
 ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
Babbage then
conceives the
“Analytical
Charles Babbage
Engine”, a
mechanical
Difference Engine computer that can
solve any
mathematical
problem and uses
punch-cards and
incorporating the
Analytical Engine ideas of a memory
and card
input/ouput for
data and
Ada Lovelace instructions.
 ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
Augusta Ada
Byron, Countess of
Lovelace and
Charles Babbage
daughter of
English poet Lord
Difference Engine Byron, worked
with Babbage and
created a program
for the Analytical
Engine. Ada is now
credited as being
Analytical Engine the 1st computer
programmer.

Ada Lovelace
 ICT

Electro-
Mechanical
Computers
 TABULATING
MACHINE
Hollerith
developed an
electromechan
ical punched-
card tabulator
to tabulate the
data for 1890
U.S. census.
Tabulating Machine Able to count
the census in
6 weeks rather
than 7 years.
 TURING
MACHINE

Alan Turing was

a British
mathematician
who also made
significant
contributions to
the early
development of
computing,
especially to the
Note: A Turing machine is theory of
an abstract model and
not a physical computer.
computation.
 ICT

Generations of
Computer
 ICT
First Generation – Vacuum
Tubes
The first electronic computer
was designed at Iowa State
between 1939-1942
 ICT
First Generation – Vacuum
Tubes
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer
used the binary system(1’s and
0’s).
 ICT
First Generation – Vacuum
Tubes
Contained vacuum tubes
and stored numbers for
calculations by burning
holes in paper.

1930’s – Vacuum
tubes were used as
electronic
circuits or
electronic
switches.
 ICT
First Generation – 1946 ENIAC
First large-scale electronic digital computer was
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator).
30 feet long, 8 feet
wide, and 8 feet
high

3 additions every
second, (incredibly
slow by today’s
standards).
 ICT
Second Generation –
Transistors
 1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley
invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories.
 Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic
switch.
 ICT
Second Generation –
Transistors
 1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley
invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories.
 Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic
switch.
 ICT
Second Generation – Univac
 25 feet by 50 feet in size ; 5,600 tubes ;
18,000 crystal diodes ; 300 relays
 Internal storage capacity of 1,008 fifteen bit
words was achieved using 126 mercury delay
lines
First commercial computer
- Between 1951 and
1958, 47 UNIVAC I
computers were delivered.
 ICT
Third Generation – Integrated
Circuit
 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce
(who later became the cofounder of
Intel Corp.) developed the first
integrated circuit (silicon chip or
microchip).
 ICT
Third Generation – Integrated
Circuit
An integrated circuit (IC) is a
system of interrelated circuits
packaged together on a single
sliver of silicon.
 ICT
Third Generation – Integrated
Circuit
 Itis a way of placing multiple (millions)
transistor devices into as single,
smaller device, the “microchip.”
 ICT
Fourth Generation -
Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a Central
Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip.
 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first
microprocessor chip. -Intel 4004
 108 kHz and contained 2300
transistors
 ICT

IBM Personal Computer

 On August 12, 1981, IBM released their
new computer, named the IBM PC
 2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo
 ICT

Apple Computers
 1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
starts Apple Computer
 1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical
User Interface (GUI)
 ICT

Laptops
 1981 - Adam Osborne, produced the Osborne
1
 1988 - Compaq laptop with color screen
 2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop
 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows
laptop
Dell XPS 15Z

Osborne 1 Compaq laptop

Macbook Air
 ICT
Fifth Generation – Artificial
Intelligence
 Fifthgeneration computing devices,
based on artificial intelligence, are
continuing to be in development.
 ICT
Fifth Generation – Artificial
Intelligence
 ParallelProcessing is coming and
showing the possibility that the power
of many CPU's can be used side by
side, and computers will be more
powerful than those under central
processing.
 ICT
Fifth Generation – Artificial
Intelligence
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning
and self-organization.
 ICT
Fifth Generation – Artificial
Intelligence
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning
and self-organization.
 ICT
Trends from 1990 to today…
 ICT
Trends from 1990 to today…
 ICT
Trends from 1990 to today…
 ICT
Trends from 1990 to today…
 ICT
Trends from 1990 to today…
UNDERSTANDING
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
CONCEPT
THE COMPUTER
 Computer- is an electronic device
that accepts information and
instructions, process the
information, displays the
information in some way, and
stores the information for retrieval
later.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
VARIOUS TYPES OF
COMPUTER
 PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC’S)
are computers typically used
by a single user, for use in the
home or office.
TYPES OF PERSONAL
COMPUTER
 Desktop Computers are
designed to sit compactly on a
desk
 Notebook Computers also
referred to as laptop computers
 Netbook are smaller than laptop.
 Tablet PC’s are notebook
computers that have a screen on
which the user can write with a
stylus.
 Han-held Computer Are small
computers that fit in the palm of your hand.
Hand-held computers have more limited
capabilities than personal computers.
 Smartphones
 Mp3 Player
MINI COMPUTERS
 It
is multi-user computer capable of
supporting up to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
 Itis a large, expensive, powerful computer
that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously
MAINFRAME
SUPERCOMPUTERS
 The largest and fastest computers.
Fastest supercomputers are capable
of processing more than one
quadrillion instructions in a single
second
SUPERCOMPUTERS
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
System Unit
Output device

Output device

Output device

Input device

Input device
Computer System includes
computer hardware and software.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
 Hardware refers to the
physical components of
computer.
INPUT DEVICES
KEYBOARD
 Used
to enter information into the
computer and for giving
commands.
MOUSE
 An input device operated by rolling its ball
across a flat surface. The mouse is used to
control the on-screen pointer by pointing and
clicking, double-clicking, or dragging objects
on the screen.
BARCODE READER
 Aninput device that converts a pattern
of printed bars into a number that a
computer can read. They are often used
by businesses to quickly input price and
product information.
MICROPHONE
 Allowsthe user to record sounds
as input to their computer.
SCANNE
R
Adevice that allows pictures to be
placed into a computer.
OUTPUT
DEVICES
PRINTER
 Anoutput device that produces a hard
copy on paper. It gives information to
the user in printed form.
SPEAKERS
 Usedto generate or reproduce voice,
music, and other sounds.
MONITO
R
 A display screen to provide “output” to the
user. It is where you view the information
your are working on.
SYSTEM UNIT
[PROCESSOR]
DEVICES
Let’s open the box!

108

108
SYSTEM BOARD OR MOTHERBOARD

A single circuit board with the

components which make up the
computer’s processor for a
microcomputer, including the:
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Memory
RAM
ROM or ROM BIOS
 expansion slots
110

110
 CPU CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
A complex collection of electronic circuits
on one or more integrated circuits (chips)
which:
1. executes the instructions in a software
program
2. communicates with other parts of the
computer system, especially RAM and
input devices
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)

ROM (Read Only Memory) = integrated circuits (microchips) that

are used to permanently store start-up (boot) instructions and
other critical information
Read Only = information which:
 Cannot be changed
 Cannot be removed
 Fixed by manufacturer
112

112
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)

ROM is sometimes known as ROM BIOS (Basic Input

Output System software)

ROM contains:
 start-up (boot) instructions
 instructions to do “low level” processing of input
and output devices, such as the communications 113
with the keyboard and the monitor
113
VIDEO CARD
 Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a
circuit board attached to the motherboard that
contains the memory and other circuitry necessary
to send information to the monitor for display on
screen.
HARD DISK
Magneticstorage device in
the computer.
CD ROM DRIVE
 Thedrive that plays CDs and reads
data that has been stored on the CD.
RAM RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
RAM is a computer’s
temporary memory,
which exists as chips
on the motherboard
near the CPU. It
stores data or
programs while they
are being used and
requires power.
SOUND CARD

 Connectsthe
speakers and
microphone to
the computer.
MODEM
 Theplace
where the
computer is
connected to
the phone line.
NETWORK CARD
A circuit board
that connects the
computer to the
rest of the
network usually
using special
cables.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
 Software refers to the
intangible components of
computer system, particularly
the programs, or list of
instructions, that the computer
needs to perform a specific task.
SOFTWARE
Operating System is special software
that controls basic input and output ,
allocates system resources, manages
storage space, maintains security and
detects equipment failure.
COMPUTER THREATS
VIRUS, WORMS AND
TROJAN
GOOD ERGONOMICS
KEYBOARDING
FINGER POSITION
SCOPE OF FINGER
SHORTCUT KEYS