Chapter - 4 Oscillators Finalized
Chapter - 4 Oscillators Finalized
Oscillators
By Berihu G.
([email protected])
1) The total phase shift around the loop as the signal proceeds
from input through amplifier, feedback network back to the
input again, completing the a loop is precisely 00 or 3600.
We get;
….......(1)
….. (2)
…………(3)
re-arranging in matrix form and solving these equations, we obtain the values of β
and f as follows.
and
now, to have the oscillations, |Aβ|>=1.
Thus,
Note: to start oscillation, the gain of the op-amp must be equal to or greater than 29,
which can be adjusted by using Rf and Ri.
Exercise: try to examine the transistorized phase shift oscillator.
minimum value of hfe = 44.54 which is required to start oscillation.
frequency of oscillation , which is the same as using an op-amp.
6 The amplifier gain condition is |A| The amplifier gain condition is |A|
When C is very smaller than CM, then fs fp=fr. there is one resonant
frequency.
Due to good frequency stability, it is used in computers, counters, basic
timing devices in electronic wrist watches e.t.c.