COMMUNICATION

Prepared by Mehvish A shraf

nursing instructo r
Sheikh Zayed co llege o f nursing R. Y. K
 OBJECTIVES
◦ At the end of this presentation you will be able to learn about:
◦ How you will Define communication.
◦ Learn about the types of communication.
◦ Understand about barriers of communication.
◦ Explain the formal and informal channels of communication.
◦ Interpersonal communication about in health care setting.
◦ What are the modes of communication.
◦ Which are the factors influencing communication.
◦ What are the strategies for effective communication.
 COMMUNICATION
◦The Communication is a two-way process wherein the
message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is
transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of
creating a shared understanding.
◦ The term communication is derived from the Latin word
“Communis” which means to share. Effective communication
is when the message conveyed by the sender is understood by
the receiver in exactly the same way as it was intended.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
◦The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the
conceptualizing of ideas by the sender who then transmits the
message through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives
the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the
given time frame. Thus, there are Seven major elements of
communication process:
CONT..

◦Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who

initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that
he intends to convey it to others.
◦Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process
wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as
symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information
into a message. The sender’s knowledge, skills, perception,
background, competencies, etc. has a great impact on the
success of the message.
CONT..
◦Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the
message that he intends to convey. The message can be
written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures,
silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the
response of a receiver.
CONT…
◦Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium
through which he wants to convey his message to the
recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the
message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient.
The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal
relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on
the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written,
sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used
communication mediums.
CONT..
◦Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is
intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best
possible manner such that the communication objective is
attained. The degree to which the receiver decodes the
message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter,
experience, trust and relationship with the sender.
CONT..
◦Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message
and tries to understand it in the best possible manner. An
effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands
the message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the
sender.
◦Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that
ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it
correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the
effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to
know the efficacy of his message. The response of the receiver
can be verbal or non-verbal.
 Types of communication
◦ Communication is carried out formally or informally and can be verbal or non-
verbal.
◦ 1. Formal Communication
◦ Formal Communication is done in a professional manner. This type of
communication is mostly used in an office setting, during cooperate meetings and
conferences. Proper titles of those you’re addressing is a must here.
◦ 2 .Informal Communication
◦ Informal Communication is the opposite of formal communication. Here people are
less adherent to protocol and can engage in a casual manner. Authority lines are
not followed and people can use slang, refer to each other without using job titles,
etc. Due to the casual manner, people engage it is good for building relationships.
 Types of communication
◦ 3. Verbal Communication
◦ When passing information verbally you pass it by word of mouth or in writing.
Communication experts say when using verbal communication Keep It Short and
Simple.
◦ 4. Non-Verbal Communication
◦ This means that the person communicating with you is using body language,
posture, facial expressions, gestures, etc. For example, the tone of voice is a non-
verbal clue indicating whether an individual is angry or not. Always watch the body
language of a speaker it will communicate a lot.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
◦ The use of written words to convey messages. Written communication happens
through email, memos, texts, posts, etc. While written communication helps you
share your thoughts well, sometimes it does not fully convey the emotion that you
are trying to share.
LISTENING
◦ Listening is one of the most important parts of communication as it helps you
understand the perspective of the communicator and effectively engage with them.
The process of any communication takes a crucial value at listening correctly and
responding appropriately.
VISUAL
◦ Through visual messages like pictures, graphs, objects and other visual facets.
Visual Communication is a crucial part of today’s methods of conveying important
information. It is used in presentations, televisions, e
 Communication Barriers
◦Now that we understand the types and delivery of
communication let’s have a look at some of the barriers to
communication. Barriers are many and can occur anywhere in
the communication process. The key barriers are;
 1LANGUAGE BARRIER
◦The language used by the sender may not be understood by
the receiver. Also, the two-people communicating may speak
the same language but the jargon used to pass the
information may breakdown communication if the receiver
doesn’t fully understand it. For example, if an expert uses
industry terminology while communicating to an intern he/she
will not be understood because they are yet to learn the
terminology.
 2 EMOTINAL BARRIER
◦The state of mind of the communicators can hinder the
delivery of information. If the receiver is having issues they are
likely to be less attentive, which could lead to poor
communication. The mental state of the sender and receiver
influences how the message is received, perceived, and sent.
 3 PHYSICAL BARRIER
◦The environment one is in determines how good
communication is. If a receiver of a message is in a noisy place
he is unlikely to hear what message is being conveyed. Vice
versa if an encoder at a musical concert he cannot pass
information clearly. Geographical distance also is a barrier to
communication.
CONT..
◦Generally, communication is faster over a short distance as
many communication channels are available and less
technology is required. If you are to send a message to a
person in Antarctica this may prove difficult as mobile
communication is unavailable or poor. Face to face
communication is best as both are in the same place.
 4 SYSTEMIC BARRIER
◦In an organization, communication may be barred because
they are no channels to communicate amongst themselves.
For example, a junior employee may not be able to access the
company CEO because no measures have been put in place to
allow for that. Systematic barriers exist in organizations with
inefficient communication channels.
 5 TABOOS
◦Communication may be hinder because some topics are not
open to discussion. Taboo topics may include, religion,
sexuality, and sex, politics, disabilities, etc.