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Single Phase Induction Motor

Notes for Engineering students Related to working, constructions, mechanism,and everything about the "Single phase induction motor"

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93 views14 pages

Single Phase Induction Motor

Notes for Engineering students Related to working, constructions, mechanism,and everything about the "Single phase induction motor"

Uploaded by

andrewz772k6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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single phase AC motors

Single phase AC motors


• the single-phase power system more widely than three phase system
for domestic purposes, commercial purposes and some extent in
industrial uses. Because, the single-phase system is more economical
than a three-phase system and the power requirement in most of the
houses, shops, offices are small, which can be easily met by a single
phase system.
The single phase AC motors are further classified as:

1.Single phase induction motors or asynchronous motors.


2.Single phase synchronous motors.
3.Commutator motors.
Construction of Single Phase Induction Motor

Two main parts


1.Rotor 2.stator
• Stator:
As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. A
single phase AC supply is given to the stator of single phase induction
motor.
• Rotor:
The rotor is a rotating part of an induction motor. The rotor connects
the mechanical load through the shaft. The rotor in the single-phase
induction motor is of squirrel cage rotor type.
• The construction of single phase induction motor is almost similar to
the squirrel cage three-phase induction motor. But in case of a single
phase induction motor, the stator has two windings instead of one three-
phase winding in three phase induction motor
Stator of Single Phase Induction Motor
• The stator of the single-phase induction motor has laminated stamping
to reduce eddy current losses on its periphery.
• The slots are provided on its stamping to carry stator or main winding.
• Stampings are made up of silicon steel to reduce the hysteresis losses.
• When we apply a single phase AC supply to the stator winding, the
magnetic field gets produced, and the motor rotates at speed slightly less
than the synchronous speed Ns.
• Synchronous speed Ns is given by
The construction of the stator of the single-phase induction motor is
similar to that of three phase induction motor except there are two
dissimilarities in the winding part of the single phase induction
motor.
1.Firstly, the single-phase induction motors are mostly provided with
concentric coils. We can easily adjust the number of turns per coil can
with the help of concentric coils. The mmf distribution is almost
sinusoidal.
2.Except for shaded pole motor, the asynchronous motor has two stator
windings namely the main winding and the auxiliary winding. These
two windings are placed in space quadrature to each other.
• The construction of the rotor of the single-phase induction motor is
similar to the squirrel cage three-phase induction motor
• The rotor is cylindrical and has slots all over its periphery. The slots
are not made parallel to each other but are a little bit skewed as the
skewing prevents magnetic locking of stator and rotor teeth and makes
the working of induction motor more smooth
• The squirrel cage rotor consists of aluminum, brass or copper bars.
These aluminum or copper bars are called rotor conductors and placed
in the slots on the periphery of the rotor. The copper or aluminum
rings permanently short the rotor conductors called the end rings. and
quieter (i.e. less noisy).
• To provide mechanical strength, these rotor conductors are braced to
the end ring and hence form a complete closed circuit resembling a
cage and hence got its name as squirrel cage induction motor.
• As end rings permanently short the bars, the rotor electrical resistance
is very small and it is not possible to add external resistance as the bars
get permanently shorted. The absence of slip ring and brushes make the
construction of single phase induction motor very simple and robust.
Working Principle of Single Phase Induction Motor

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awrUxv7B-a8
• Single-phase AC supply is given to the stator winding (main winding).
The alternating current flowing through the stator winding produces
magnetic flux. This flux is known as the main flux.
• Now we assume that the rotor is rotating and it is placed in a magnetic
field produced by the stator winding. According to Faraday’s law, the
current start flowing in the rotor circuit it is a close path. This current is
known as rotor current.
• Due to the rotor current, the flux produced around the rotor winding.
This flux is known as rotor flux.
• There are two fluxes; main flux which is produced by stator and
second is the rotor flux which is produced by the rotor.
• Interaction between main flux and rotor flux, the torque produced in the
rotor and it starts rotating.
Comparison between Single Phase and Three
Phase Induction Motors

1.Single phase induction motors are simple in construction,


reliable and economical for small power rating as compared to
three phase induction motors.
2.The electrical power factor of single phase induction motors is
low as compared to three phase induction motors.
3.For the same size, the single-phase induction motors develop
about 50% of the output as that of three phase induction motors.
4.The starting torque is also low for asynchronous motors/single
phase induction motor.
5.The efficiency of single phase induction motors is less compared
to that of three phase induction motors.
Advantages
• Single phase induction motors are simple, robust,
reliable and cheaper for small ratings. They are
available up to 1 KW rating.
• The single phase motors are simple in construction
• cheap in cost
• reliable and easy to repair and maintain.
Applications of Single Phase Induction Motors

Single phase motors are not self starting and less efficient than three phase induction motor and
available in 0.5HP to 15HP and still they are widely used for multiple purposes such as:
• Clocks
• Refrigerators, freezers and heaters
• Fans, table fans, ceiling fan, exhaust fans, air coolers and water coolers.
• Blowers
• Washing machines
• machine tools
• Dryers
• Type writers, photostats and printers
• Water pumps and submersible
• Computers
• Grinders
• Drilling machines
• Other Home instrument, equipment and devices etc.

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