ISRAELI-

PALESTINIAN
CONFLICT
NAMES :
1. KYLIE MARIE FINCH 21

2. LIZANNE MARIA JOSEPH 22

3. MARY REDDY 23

4. MEEZBA KHAN 24

5. MOHAMMAD ASHRAF ITTAGI 25

INTRODUCTION
• The Israel Palestine conflict is one of the oldest and persisting conflicts in the
world. Now and then, the situation escalates to deadly heights causing
deaths and destruction in the region.
• Israel has many sites that are of religious significance to Jews, Christians and
Muslims alike and has a complex history .Israel today is a small country in
West Asia.
• In 1917, the British government announced the Balfour Declaration, hoping
to gain Jewish support for World War I, which promised: “the establishment in
Palestine a national home for the Jewish People”.
CONT
• In the 19th century, an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist,
Theodor Herzl, propagated the idea of a Jewish homeland in
Palestine for the Jews.
WHY THE CONFLICT STARED
• As with almost everything to do with this conflict, it depends on
whom you ask. Some will begin with the Romans. Others will
start with the late 19th-century Jewish migration to what was
then the Ottoman Empire.
• to escape the pogroms and other persecutions in eastern Europe
– and the rise of Zionism. Or the Balfour declaration by the
British government in 1917.
• In Support of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine
and the ensuing conflicts with Arab communities there.
CONT
• But the starting point for many people is the United Nations’ vote
in 1947 to partition land in the British mandate of Palestine into
two states.
• One Jewish, one Arab – following the destruction of much of
European Jewry in the Holocaust.
• Neither the Palestinians nor the neighbouring Arab countries
accepted the founding of modern Israel.
CONT
• Fighting between Jewish armed groups, some of which the British
regarded as terrorist organisations.
• And Palestinians escalated until the armies of Egypt, Iraq,
Transjordan and Syria invaded after Israel declared
independence in May 1948.
• With Israel’s new army gaining ground, an armistice agreement
in 1949 saw new de facto borders that gave the fledgling Jewish
state considerably more territory than it was awarded under the
UN partition plan.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE PALESTINIANS
WHO WERE LIVING THERE?
• About 700,000 Palestinians were expelled or fled – about 85% of
the Arab population of the territory captured by Israel – and
were never allowed to return.
• Palestinians called the exodus and eradication of much of their
society inside Israel the Nakba, or “catastrophe”,
• Palestinians called the exodus and eradication of much of their
society inside Israel the Nakba, or “catastrophe”, and it remains
the traumatic event at the heart of their modern history.
CONT
• And it remains the traumatic event at the heart of their
modern history.
• Arabs who remained in Israel as citizens were subject to
official discrimination. They were placed under military rule
for nearly two decades, which deprived them of many basic
civil rights.
• Much of their land was expropriated and Arab Israeli
communities were deliberately kept poor and underfunded.
WHEN DID THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN
CONFLICT BEGIN
• In 1947, the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known
as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British
Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
• On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking
the first Arab-Israeli War.
HOW DID THE CONFLICT BEGIN
• The Arab-Israeli War of 1948 broke out when five Arab nations
invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately
following the announcement of the independence of the state of
Israel on May 14, 1948.
• The 1917 Balfour Declaration issued by Britain, which promised
creation of a "Jewish homeland in Palestine," created early
tensions in the region after waves of Jewish immigration.
• Following World War I, Mandatory Palestine was established,
which saw tensions growing into open sectarian conflict between
Jews and Arabs.
WHICH COUNTRIES ARE INVOLVED IN THE
CONFLICT
• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has involved various
countries in different capacities over the years.
• Some notable ones include Israel, Palestine, neighboring
Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, as well as
international players like the United States, Russia, and
European nations.
CONT

• The involvement has often been diplomatic, political, or in the

form of peacekeeping efforts.
• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict dates back to the mid-20th
century, with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
Here are some key points on the involvement of various
countries:
1. Israel and Palestinian:The central parties in the conflict are
Israel and the Palestinian territories, with both sides asserting
historical and religious claims to the land.
CONT

2. Arab Countries: Several Arab nations, including Egypt,

Jordan, and Syria, were directly involved in armed conflicts with
Israel. The wars of 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 are significant
examples.
3. Peace Treaties: Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties with
Israel in 1979 and 1994, respectively. This resulted in the
normalization of relations between these countries.
4. United States: The United States has played a crucial role in
the conflict, providing diplomatic, financial, and military
support to Israel. It has also been involved in peace efforts,
with varying degrees of success.
CONT
5. United Nations: The UN has been actively involved in
addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The partition plan of
1947, the establishment of UNRWA (United Nations Relief and
Works Agency for Palestine Refugees), and numerous
resolutions have aimed at finding a peaceful resolution.
6. European Nations: European countries, collectively and
individually, have been involved in diplomatic initiatives,
supporting peace efforts, and providing aid to the Palestinian
territories.
CONT
7. Russia: Russia has had historical ties with the region and
has occasionally played a diplomatic role, especially in
recent years.
8. Other Middle Eastern and Muslim Countries: Various
countries in the Middle East and the Muslim world have
expressed solidarity with the Palestinian cause and
provided political support.
The conflict remains complex and multifaceted, with
ongoing peace efforts and challenges. The involvement of
different countries continues to shape the dynamics of the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
WHICH COUNTRIES SUPPORTED ISRAEL?
• In a recent development, there has been a significant uptick in
worldwide support for Israel, with a total of 84 countries openly
declaring their endorsement.
• Among these nations are prominent players such as the United
States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, Norway, Austria,
Germany, India, Canada, Poland, Spain, and even the European
Union as a collective entity.
• The majority of these countries have affirmed their backing of
Israel’s legitimate right to self-defense, particularly in the face
of challenges presented by groups like Hamas.
 Countries Countries
Supporting Supporting
Israel Not
Supporting
Isreal
The US Iran

The UK Qatar

Australia Turkey
France Lebanon
Norway Syria
Austria Yemen
Germany Arab League
India Jordan
Canada
Poland
WHICH COUNTRIES ARE SUPPORTING
PALESTINE
• Among the G20, nine countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India,
Indonesia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey) have
recognized Palestine as a state (Indonesia and Saudi Arabia only
recognize Palestine) while ten countries (Australia, Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, the United
Kingdom,
• and the United States) have not.[note 1] Although these
countries generally support some form of two-state solution to
the conflict, they take the position that their recognition of a
Palestinian state is conditioned to direct negotiations between
Israel and the PNA.
PRESENT-DAY
• Israel and Palestine continue to vie for recognition in the
international arena, with the former gaining recognition
from a few countries including Bhutan and the UAE in 2020,
and the latter from Colombia in 2018 and Saint Kitts and
Nevis in 2019.
• But universal recognition continues to elude both sides,
with many countries awaiting a formal resolution to the
conflict from the two sides.
• It’s worth noting that both Israel and Palestine took steps
towards recognition under the Oslo Accords, signed on
September 13, 1993.
CONT

• The agreement saw Palestine recognize the State of Israel,

put an end to the First Intifada, and allowed for limited self-
government under a new Palestinian National Authority in
Gaza and the West Bank.
• It promised to lay the groundwork for a two-state solution;
a promise of peace that has yet to be realized.
EFFECTS OF THE COUNTRIES
• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has had profound effects on
both Israel and the Palestinian territories, influencing various
aspects of society, politics, and daily life.

Effects on Israel
1. Security Concerns: Israel has faced ongoing
security challenges, including wars, intifadas, and
conflicts with neighboring states and non-state
actors.
• The need for robust security measures and military
expenditures has been a constant.
CONT
2. Economic Impact: The conflict has influenced Israel's
economic policies, with significant resources dedicated to
defense and security.
• Additionally, periods of unrest can disrupt economic activities and
investments.

3. Social Divisions: The conflict has contributed to social

divisions within Israel, with differing opinions on the best
approach to resolving the issues. Debates over settlements,
military operations, and peace negotiations have often fueled
internal tensions.
 CONT
4. Global Diplomacy: Israel's foreign relations have been shaped by
the conflict. While it has established diplomatic ties with some
nations, the lack of resolution has resulted in diplomatic challenges
and periodic international criticism.
5. Settlements and Territories: The construction of settlements in
the West Bank and East Jerusalem has been a source of international
controversy. The maintenance of control over certain territories has
implications for Israel's international standing.
 EFFECTS ON PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES:
1. Displacement and Refugee Crisis: The conflict has led to the
displacement of many Palestinians, creating a significant refugee
population. This has resulted in social and economic challenges for
those affected.
2. Economic Struggles: The occupied territories, particularly Gaza
and the West Bank, face economic challenges due to restrictions on
movement, trade, and access to resources. Unemployment rates
and poverty levels have been persistent issues.
 CONT
3. Humanitarian Impact: Periodic conflicts, blockades, and
restrictions on movement have contributed to humanitarian crises
in Gaza and parts of the West Bank, affecting access to basic
services such as healthcare, education, and clean water.
4. Political Fragmentation: Internal divisions between Fatah and
Hamas have led to political fragmentation within the Palestinian
territories. The split governance has complicated efforts to
negotiate a unified position in peace talks.
 CONT
5. Psychological Impact: The prolonged conflict has taken a toll on
the mental health and well-being of individuals, especially children,
who have grown up amid violence and insecurity.
Overall, the effects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are
multifaceted and complex, impacting various aspects of the
societies involved. Efforts to address these effects and find a
sustainable resolution continue to be a central focus for both
local and international stakeholders.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a deeply
entrenched and multifaceted issue with historical, political, and
humanitarian dimensions. The impacts of the conflict are far-
reaching, affecting the lives of people in Israel and the
Palestinian territories in various ways.
REFERENCES
• McGreal Chris, The Guardian, Thursday 16 November 2023.
https://www.theguardian.com/
• Arora Sumit, Adda24/7Current Affairs, November 30th, 2023.
https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/author/sumit
• Dickert Chris, Bruno Venditti, visualcapitalist, November 24,
2023.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/author/bruno
https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_the
_State_of_Palestine#:~:text=Among%20the%20G20%2C%20ni
ne%20countries,South%20Korea%2C%20Mexico%2C%20the%2
CONT
• https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/israel-palestine-conflict/

• https://history.state.gov/milestones
• Center For Preventive Action, Global Conflict Tracker,
January 08, 2024.
https://www.cfr.org/programs/center-preventive-action
THANK YOU