University Institute Of Computing

Bachelor of Computer Applications

Subject Name: Computer Programming
Code:20CAT111

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 Topics to be Covered
• if statement
• if-else statement
• else-if statement
• Nested if else statement
• switch case statement

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 Control Structure

Fig. 9.1 - Decision control statements [1]

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 Decision Control Structure
• Decision control statements alter the normal sequential execution of the
statements of the program depending upon the test condition to be carried out at
a particular point in program.
• Decision control statements supported by c are:-
• if statement
• if-else statement
• else-if statement
• Nested if else statement
• switch case statement

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 if Statement

• It is used to control the flow of execution of the statements and also to test logically
whether the condition is true or false.
• It executes a statement or block of statements only if the condition is true.
Syntax: if (condition) if (condition)
{ OR {
statement (s); statement 1;
} statement 2;
Next statement; }
statement 3;
In above syntax :
if condition is true only then the statements within the block are executed otherwise
next statement in sequence is executed.
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 if Statement
• If the condition is true then the statement following the “if” is
executed if it is false then the statement is skipped.

29/10/2024 Fig. 9.2- Flow chart If Statement [2] 6

 Example if Statement

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 20;
int y = 22;
if (x<y)
{
printf("Variable x is less than y");
}
return 0;

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 if-else Statement
• If specific statements are to be executed in both cases (either condition is true or
false) then if – else statement is used.
• In if – else statement a block of statement is executed if the condition is true but a
different block of statements is executed when the condition is false.
• Syntax:
if (condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
else
{
statement 3;
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} 8
 if-else statement
• In this case if condition is true, a set of statements present in statement block-1 will be executed.
Otherwise, a set of statements present in statement block-2 will be executed.

Fig. 9.3 – if-else statement flow chart[3]

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 Example if-else Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);

// True if the remainder is 0

if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}

return 0;
}
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 else-if ladder

• In a program involving multiple conditions, the nested if else statements makes

the program very difficult to write and understand if nested more deeply.
• For this ,we use if-else-if ladder.
• Syntax: if (condition1)
statement1;
else if(condition2)
statement2;
else if(condition3)
statement 3;
else
default statement;
 else-if ladder

false
condition 1
false
condition 2
true
false
Statement 1 true condition 3

Statement 2 true

Statement 3

Default statement

Next statement
Fig 9.4: else-if ladder flow-chart
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 Example else-if ladder
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if(number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else if (number1 > number2) {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
 Nested if-else Statement

• When an if else statement is present inside the body of another “if” or “else” then
this is called nested if else.
• Syntax of Nested if else statement:
if(condition) {
if(condition2) {
//Statements inside the body of nested "if“ }
else {
//Statements inside the body of nested "else“ }
}
else {
//Statements inside the body of "else"
}
Nested if-else Statement

Fig.9.5 Nested if-else Statement[4]

Example Nested if-else Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if (number1 >= number2) {
if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);} }
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
 switch Statement
• Switch is a multi-way decision making statement which selects one of the several
alternatives based on the value of single variable or expression.
• It is mainly used to replace multiple if-else-if statement.
• Syntax: switch (expression)
{
case constant1 : statement (s); [break;]
case constant2 : statement (s); [break;]
…………………………………….
default: statement (s)
}

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switch Statement

Fig.9.6 – switch case statement flow chart[5]

 Example switch Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num=2;
switch(num+2)
{
case 1:
printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);
case 2:
printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);
case 3:
printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);
default:
printf("Default: Value is: %d", num);
}
return 0;
}

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 Reference Image Link
[1] https://newsandstory.com/tempImage/26122613503020184710.gif
[2] https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/if_statement _flow_
diagram_C.jpg
[3] https://
beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/If_else_flowdiagram_ C.jpg
[4] https://
secureservercdn.net/160.153.138.219/b79.d22.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/20
17/08/nested-if-else-flowchart.png
[5] https://www.guru99.com/images/1/020819_0506_SwitchCaseS1.png

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 Reference Books
• T1 E. Balaguruswamy, Programming in ANSI, McGraw-Hill Education,
• https://bookmart.online/shop/programming-in-ansi-c-8-e-balagurusamy-second-hand-book/?ut
m_source=Google%20Shopping&utm_campaign=test&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=498

• R1 Byron S. Gottfried, Programming with C, McGraw-Hill (2nd Edition)

• https://www.amazon.com/Schaums-Outline-Programming-Byron-Gottfried/dp/0070240353/ref
=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=%E2%80%A2+Programming+with+C%2C+Gottfried%2C+a
nd+McGraw-Hill.&qid=1593001561&s=books&sr=1-1

• R2 Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, The ANSI C Programming Language, Prentice-

Hall 2nd Edition.
• http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~hilder/cs833/Other%20Reference%20Materials/The%20C
%20Programming%20Language.pdf

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THANK YOU
For queries
Email:[email protected]