TEACHING

PHILOSOPHY
 TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
• IS DEFINED AS OUR BELIEFS • ACCORDING TO schonwetter –
ABOUT LIFE THAT ARE a teaching philosophy provides
a conceptualization of a
CARRIED OUT IN OUR
teacher’s approach to teaching
TEACHING PRACTICE, WHICH
establishing the foundation for
SERVE AS A FOUNDATION FOR
articulating and clarifying
OUR EDUCATIONL teaching and learning beliefs,
PHILISOPHIES. student learning goals, and
personal development.
 TEACHING METHODS IN ADULT
EDUCATION
• LIBERAL • BEHAVIORIST
- The purpose is to being about behavior
- The purpose is to develop
that will ensure survival of the human
intellectual powers of the mind and
species, societies, and individuals and to
to make a person literate. promote behavioral change.
The learner is always a learner and - The learner takes an active role in
seeks knowledge not just learning, practicing new behavior and
information. receiving feedback.
- The teacher role is as a manager,
The teacher role is as the “expert”
controller, and predicts and directs
transmitter of knowledge and clearly
outcomes, designs the learning
directs the learning process environment.
• PROGRESSIVE • HUMANISTIC
- The purpose is to transmit culture and - The purpose is to develop people open to
change and continued learning; to enhance
societal structure and to promote social
personal growth and development and to
change, and to give the learner
facilitate self-actualization.
practical knowledge and problem
solving skills. - The learner is highly motivated and self-
directed and assumes responsibility for
- The learner’s needs and interests are learning and self- development.
key.
- The teacher is a facilitator, promotes, but
- The role of the teacher is as an does not direct learning, sets the mood for
organizer, guides learning through learning, and acts as a flexible resource for
experiences that are educative and learning.
evaluates the learning process.
• RADICAL
- The purpose is to bring about fundamental
changes to social, political, and economic
changes in society through education.
- The learner is seen as equal with the teacher in
the learning process,, and has personal
autonomy.
- The teacher is the provocateur and suggests
but does not determine direction for learning.
To elaborate further,
FIVE ADULT EDUCATION
PHILOSOPHIES
 PHILOSOPHY SOURCE OF AUTHORITY METHODS
DIALECT; LECTURE; STUDY GROUPS;
CONTEMPLATION, CRITICAL READING AND
LIBERAL WESTERN CANON
DISCUSSION

PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION; CONTRACT

LEARNING, TEACHING MACHINES,
COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION;
BEHAVIORIST ENVIRONMENT
PRACTICE AND REINFORCEMENT

PROBLEM-SOLVING; SCIENTIFIC METHOD;

ACTIVITY METHOD; EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;
SITUATIONS THE LEARNER
PROGRESSIVE IS IN
PROJECT METHOD; INDICTIVE METHOD

EXPERIENTAL GROUP TASKS; GROUP

DISCUSSION; TEAM TEACHING; SELF-
HUMANISTIC SELF/LEARNER
DIRECTED LEARNING; DISCOVERY METHOD

DIALOG; PROBLEM-POSING; MAXIMUM

RADICAL SOCIETAL IMBALANCES INTERACTION; DISCUSSION GROUPS
 LIBERAL

• DIALECTIC – DISCOURSE BETWEEN TWO • CONTEMPLATION – is a kind of inner

OR MORE PEOPLE HOLDING DIFFERENT
POINTS OF VIES ABOUT A SUBJECT BUT
vision or seeing, transcendent
WISHING TO ESTABLISH THE TRUTH of the intellect, facilitated by
THROUGH REASONED ARGUMENTATION mean of practices such as
• IT RESEMBLES DEBATE, BUT THE prayer or meditation.
CONCEPT EXCLUDES SUBJECTIVE
ELEMENTS SUCH AS EMOTIONAL APPEAL
AND THE MODERN PREJORATIVE SENSE
• Means to think about an action
OF RHETORIC
before you perform it
-
 LIBERAL

• CRITICAL READING - means a

reader applies certain
processes, models, questions,
and theories that result in
enhanced clarity and
comprehension.
 BEHAVIORIST

• PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION - • LEARNING CONTRACT - is a

a progressively monitored, step-by- voluntary, student-completed
step teaching method, employing document that outlines actions
small units of information or the learner promises to take in
learning material and frequent a course to achieve academic
testing, whereby the student must success.
complete or pass one stage before
moving on to the next.
 BEHAVIORIST
• TEACHING MACHINE
• Computer-
- Teaching machines were originally
mechanical devices that presented assisted instruction (CAI)
educational materials and taught - is an interactive instructional
students. They were first invented by
technique whereby a computer is
Sidney L. Pressey in the mid-1920s. His
machine originally administered used to present the instructional
multiple-choice questions. The machine material and monitor the
could be set so it moved on only when learning that takes place.
the student got the right answer. Tests
showed that learning had taken place.
This was an example of how knowledge
of results causes learning.
 PROGRESSIVE

• PROBLEM SOLVING -the process of • ACTIVITY METHOD - a type

finding solutions to difficult or complex
of teaching in which
issues.
students acquire knowledge an
d understanding by participatin
• SCIENTIFIC METHOD - a method of
procedure that has characterized g in a set of specially designed
natural science since the 17th century, activities, rather than by
consisting in systematic observation, passively listening to a teacher
measurement, and experiment, and the
formulation, testing, and modification of
hypotheses.
 PROGRESSIVE

• EXPERIMENTAL METHODS - are one • PROJECT METHOD - is a medium of

kind of data collection that may be instruction which was introduced during
used to assess theoretical the 18th century into the schools of
knowledge. They are certainly not architecture and engineering in Europe
when graduating students had to apply
the only method, for many others
the skills and knowledge they had
are available: surveys, content
learned in the course of their studies to
analyses, structured and
problems they had to solve as
unstructured observation, and practicians of their trade, for example,
others. As noted previously, all designing a monument, building a
research searches for relations steam engine.
between concepts.
 PROGRESSIVE

• INDUCTIVE METHOD – is a process

used to draw general conclusions
from particular facts . It is the most
used scientific method. Inductivism
goes from the particular to the
general. It is a method that is based
on the observation , study and
experimentation of various real
events in order to reach a conclusion
that involves all these cases.
 HUMANISTIC

• EXPERIENTIAL GROUP - Is a • GROUP DISCUSSION - refers to a

group to which the test variable communicative situation that
is administered in an allows its participants to share
their views and opinions with other
experiment.
participants. It is a systematic
exchange of information, views
and opinions about a topic,
problem, issue or situation among
the members of a group who share
some common objectives.
 HUMANISTIC
• SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING - is
• TEAM TEACHING - involves a
an instructional strategy that places the
group of instructors working responsibility for the learning progress
purposefully, regularly, and on the learner.
cooperatively to help a group of
Teaching strategies
students of any age learn.
 individual and group presentation
Teachers together set goals for
a course, design a syllabus,  Role playing
prepare individual lesson plans,  Situation simulations
teach students, and evaluate  Service-learning projects
the results.
 Student led group discussion
 HUMANISTIC

• DISCOVERY METHOD - a
largely unstructured,
situational method or
philosophy of teaching whereby
students are permitted to find
solutions to problems on their
own or at their own pace, often
jointly in group activities, either
independent of or under the
guidance of a teacher.
 RADICAL

• DIALOG - Is a written or spoken • PROBLEM POSING - refers to

conversational exchange a method of teaching that
between two or more people, emphasizes critical thinking for
and a literary and theatrical the purpose of liberation. Freire
form that depicts such an used problem-posing as the
exchange. alternative to banking
education, which is the
traditional model of education.
 RADICAL

• MAXIMUM INTERACTION - • DISCUSSION GROUP - is a group of

strong reciprocal action or individuals, typically who share a
similar interest, who gather either
influence.
formally or informally to discuss
ideas, solve problems, or make
comments. Common methods of
conversing including meeting in
person, conducting conference calls,
using text messaging, or using a
website such as an Internet forum.