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34 views

CS103 12

Uploaded by

A Karthikeyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring 2013 CS 103

Computer Science –
Business Problems

Lecture 11: Functions and


Formulas
in Excel

Instructor: Zhe He
Department of Computer Science
New Jersey Institute of Technology

10/30/2024 1
Creating Basic Formulas
A formula is a series of instructions that you
place in a cell in order to perform some kind
of calculation.

Every formula must begin with the equal sign


(=).
= 1 + 1

You type in the question, click enter, Excel will


tell you the answer!
Arithmetic Operators
Precedence
1. Parentheses
2. Percent
3. Exponents
4. Division and Multiplication
5. Addition and Subtraction

= 5+2*2^3–1
= 5 + 2 * 2 ^ (3 – 1)
Cell References
Calculate the sum of two cells
= A1 + A2

AutoFill the formula!


Exercise
Download Llama_Caloric_Intake.xlsx

Inserta formula in cell E2 to calculate how


much the caloric intake is per body weight.
AutoFill the formula to the end of the list.
Format the data in Column E to keep 4

decimal places.
Add a title to Column E.
Excel calculates the result of a formula every
time you open a spreadsheet or change the
data a formula uses.
Exercise
Download StudentGrades1.xlsx

Calculatethe final mark for each student. All


data should be in percentage.
Functions
To use a function, start by entering the
function name.
= SUM( cell range you want to add up )
 calculates the total for a group of cells.
 AutoComplete
Cell Ranges
Comma (,)
 separates more than one cell
 e.g., A1, B7, H9

Colon(:)
 separates the top-left and bottom-right corners of
a block of cells
 e.g., A1:A5, A2:B3

Space ()
 intersectionoperator
 e.g., A1:A3 A1:B10
Cell Ranges (cont.)
A:A
 includes all the cells in column A
2:2
 includes all the cells in row 2
SUM()
You can combine different ways of range
selection.

= SUM(A2:A12, B5, 429, 350)


AVERAGE()
= AVERAGE( cell range )

ignores all empty cells or text values


The Formulas Tab
AutoSum
Math & Trig
Formula Errors
= A1/A2
Try leaving A2 blank

Errorcode: begins with the number sign (#)


and ends with an exclamation point (!)
Logical Operators
IF()
IF (condition, yes_value, no_value)

= IF (order is less than 5000, original listed


price, discounted price)
How do we translate this in Excel?

= IF(A2<5000, B2, B2*0.9)


Exercise
Download First Quarter Sales and Bonus.xlsx

Calculate the over target sales.


If the over target sales is greater than 0, then

the salesman gets 5% commission (based on


the over target sales).
Calculate the total salary.
Exercise
Download Fruit Purchase.xlsx

Count the occurrences of each fruit.


Absolute Cell References
Relative references
What if you have a cell that you want to use in

multiple calculations?
 e.g., currency conversion ratio

Absolute cell reference


 Add the $ character twice: in front of the column
and in front of the row
 e.g., $B$12
Exercise
Download StudentGrades2.xlsx
AND()
AND() accepts two (or more) conditions, and
then returns true if all of them are true.
If any condition is false, AND() returns false.

e.g., the new commission rules (5% rate)


came into effect after the year 2010.
= IF( AND(E6>0, F6>2010), E6*5%, 0)
Exercise
Download StudentGrades3.xlsx

The student passes the course only if he(she)


passes both of the tests (having a score of at
least 60).

Use conditional formatting to highlight the


failed ones in yellow.
OR()
accepts two (or more) conditions, and then
returns true if any one of them is true.
OR() returns false only if all conditions are

false.

= IF (OR(condition 1, condition 2),


[value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Exercise
Download again Fruit Purchases.xlsx

Insert one column named “citrus” between


apples and grapes.
Fill the column with 1 and 0.
Count the total.
NOT()
NOT() accepts a condition and reverse it.

= IF ( NOT(B2>0), ........ , ......... )


MEDIAN()
Median value: the number that falls in the
middle.
 1, 2, 5, 7, 10
If
you have an even amount of numbers,
Excel averages the two middle numbers to
generate the median.
 1, 2, 4, 7
MAX() and MIN()
pick the largest or smallest value of a series
of cells.

MAX(range)
MIN(range)

ignore any nonnumeric content.


LARGE() and SMALL()
What if you want to pick the top 3?

LARGE(range, position)
SMALL(range, position)

e.g.,
LARGE(A2: A12, 2)
SMALL(A2: A12, 1)
Exercise
Modify StudentGrades2.xlsx
Add the following statistics at the bottom of

the table
 Total
 Average
 Median
 Highest Score
 Second Highest Score
 Third Highest Score
 Lowest Score
ABS()
gives you the absolute value of a number.

 = ABS (-3)

Use IF()?
ROUND()
rounds a numeric value to whatever level of
precision you choose.
ROUND(number_to_round,

number_of_digits)

 = ROUND(3.987, 2)
 = ROUND(A2, -2)

rounds 1 through 4 down


rounds 5 through 9 up
RAND()
gives you a random fractional number that is
less than 1, but greater than or equal to 0.
 0.778526443457

= RAND()
= RAND() * 100

Generate a random whole number from 1 to


10?
COUNT(), COUNTA() and
COUNTBLANK()
COUNT() counts the number of cells that
have numeric input.
 =COUNT(range)

COUNTA() counts cells with any kind of


content.
COUNTBLANK() counts the number of empty

cells.

How do you count cells with text?


COUNTIF()

Counts only the cells you specify


COUNTIF(range, criteria)

= COUNTIF(C1:C20, “>500”)
= COUNTIF(D1:D20, “=Travel”)
= COUNTIF (D1:D20, “=” & A2)
VLOOKUP()
Finds a specific row in a large table by
 Scanning the values in a single column from top to
bottom
 Retrieving other information from the same row

Download VLookupExample.xlsx
 What is the name and price of the product with ID
of 3?
VLOOKUP()
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, range,
column_index_number, FALSE)

 lookup_value: what you are seeking


 range: from the column that contains the

lookup_value
 column_index_number: position of the column

which contains the data you want to retrieve


 FALSE: exact match
Summary
COUNTIF() counts only the cells you specify.
 =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
VLOOKUP() finds a specific row and retrieves other
information from the same row
 VLOOKUP(search_for, range,

column_number)

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