Presented to;
HISTORY OF Mr,ArielGina Geriane
COMPUTERS
Presented by;
Aljun C. Morillo
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
Earliest Computer
The first use of the word
“computer” was recorded in 1613,
referring to a person who carried
out calculations or computations
and the word continued to be used
in that sense until the middle of
the 20th century.
INVENTIONS
Abacus
is a mathematical device used to
aid an individual in performing
mathematical calculations. The
abacus was invented in Babylonia
in 2400 B.C. the Abacus in the form
we are most familiar with was first
used in China in around 500 B.C
and is used to perform basic
arithmetic operations.
Napier's Bones
was invented by John
Napier in 1614. This
allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and
calculate square roots by
moving the rods around
and placing them in
specially constructed
board.
Slide Rule
was invented by William
Oughtred in 1622 based
on Napier’s idea about
logarithms.
Pascsline
was invented by Blaise
Pascal in 1642. It was its
limitation to addition and
subtraction and is too
expensive.
was the first mechanical
digital calculator.
Stepped Reckoner
invented by Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
The machine that can add,
subtract, multiply and
divide automatically.
Jacquard Loom
is a mechanical loom
which was invented by
Joseph Marie Jacquard in
1881. It is as automatic
loom controlled by
punched cards.
Arithmometer
is a mechanical calculator
invented by Thomas de Colmar
in 1820. This was the first
reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine. It could
perform the four basic
mathematic functions and it is
the first mass-produced
calculating machine.
Difference Engine and
Analytical Engine
were both automatic,
mechanical calculator that is
designed to tabulate polynomial Difference E
ngine
functions and was invented by
Charles Babbage who also is the
father of the Computer in 1822
and 1834. This is the first
mechanical computer.
Analytical E
ngine
Scheutzian Calculation
Engine
was invented by Per Georg
Scheutz in 1843. This was based
from Charles Babbage’s
difference engine. This was first
printing calculator.
Tabulating Machineus
was invented by Herman
Hollerith in 1890 which is
utilized to assist in summarizing
information and accounting.
Tabulating Machine used
punched cards to record and
sort data or information. Each
hole punched meant something.
Differential Analyzer
In 1930, VannevarBush
introduced the first electronic
"computer" in the United
States. It was an analog device.
That is, it could measure
quantities that changed
continuously, such as
temperature and air pressure. It
used vacuum tubes to switch
electrical signals that
performed
First programmer
was known in 1840
named as Augusta
Ada Byron who
suggests to Babbage
to use the Binary
System. She writes Augusta Ada
programs for the Byron as First
Analytical Engine. Programmer
INVENTORS
Wilhelm Herman Hollerith
John Napier Blaise Pascal (1860-1929) Thomas de Colmar
Gottfried Leibniz
Charles Babbage
(Known
Charles as father of
Babbage William Outred Joseph-Marie Augusta Ada Byron Tim Cranmer
computer)
(1792-1871) Jacquard
GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTERS
The First Generation:
1945-1956
(The Vacuum Tube Years)
In 1946 two Americans, Presper
Eckert, and John Mauchly built the
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer) electronic
computer which used vacuum tubes
instead of the mechanical switches of
the Mark I.
Mauchly an
d Eckert: Th
e ENIAC
The Second Generation:
1956-1963 (The Era of the
Transistor)
In 1947 three scientists, John
Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter
Brattain working at AT&T's Bell Labs
invented what would replace the
vacuum tube forever. This invention was
the transistor which functions like a
vacuum tube in that it can be used to
relay and switch electronic signals.
The Third Generation: 1965-
1970 (Integrated Circuits-
Miniaturizing the Computer)
The integrated circuit, or as it is
sometimes referred to as semiconductor
chip, packs a huge number of
transistors onto a single wafer of
silicon. Robert Noyce of Fairchild
Corporation and Jack Kilby of Texas
Instruments independently discovered
the amazing attributes of integrated
circuits. Placing such large numbers of
transistors on a single chip vastly
ncreased the power of a single
computer and lowered its cost
The Fourth Generation:
1971-Today (The
Microprocessor)
Ted Hoff, employed by Intel (Robert
Noyce's new company) invented a chip the
size of a pencil eraser that could do all the
computing and logic work of a computer.
The microprocessor was made to be used
in calculators, not computers. It led,
however, to the invention of personal
computers, or microcomputers.
The Fifth Generation:
Present & Beyond
(Artificial Intelligence)
Defining the fifth generation of computers is
somewhat difficult because the field is in its
infancy. The most famous example of a fifth
generation computer is the fictional HAL9000
from Arthur C. Clarke's novel, 2001: A Space
Odyssey. HAL performed all of the functions
currently envisioned for real-life fifth
generation computers. With artificial
intelligence, HAL could reason well enough to
hold conversations with its human operators,
use visual input, and learn from its own
experiences. (Unfortunately, HAL was a little
too human and hada psychotic breakdown,
This Presentation is
Prepared by
Aljun C. Morillo
REFERENCES
Photo/Graphics/Icons/Designs
Credits:Pngwing.com
Photoscissors.com
www.myfreeppt.com
MyFreeSlides.com
Pixabay.com, pexels.com
&
Microsoft Inc., TrueMitra Designs
Information/Data Credits:
Ramoran, D.D, HISTORY OF COMPUTER,
Slideserve.com, 06 Jan, 2020.
www.studymafia.org
