Scribd
Upload
18 views

Functions

Uploaded by

marriettaconslate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Functions

Uploaded by

marriettaconslate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 46

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY BUSINESS

SCHOOL
TOPIC: FUNCTIONS
Prepared by: NAMONO WANDEKA MAUREEN
Department of Management Science
Email: [email protected]
Definitions
• A function is an expression, rule or law that defines a relationship
between one variable the independent variable and another variable
the dependent variable. OR
• A relation in which the elements in the domain have one and only one
image in the range which is referred to as codomain.
Example
• A relation is where the elements of the domain have either one or
more images in the range.
Terms used
• Domain of a function is a complete set of possible values of the
independent variable. Domain={1,2,3}
• Range of a function is the complete set of all possible resulting values
of the dependent variable after we have substituted the domain
Range={4,5,6}
• A codomain is the set of values that could possibly come out.
Co-domain={4,5,6,7}
R={(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)}
Example
A B
Types of functions
• Constant function
This is a function from X to Y such that Y=C where
• Identity function

• Polynomial function

Where
- constant
cont.,
• 1st degree polynomial n=1

E.g. –Linear function


• 2nd degree polynomial n=2

As long as ≠0 –Quadratic function


• 3rd degree polynomial n=3

As long as ≠0 –Cubic function


illustration
• Multivariable function

variables. E.g. -univariate function


Is a function whose input and / or output is made up of multiple

- bivariate function
-multivariate function
• Logarithmic function
Here the independent variable happens to be in the logarithmic
function of the equation e.g.
• Exponential functions
These are functions where the independent variable appears as an
exponent of the element within the function. E.g.

NB. Logarithms are inverses of exponential functions


illustration
Examples
1. A sales man daily wages is composed of the fixed amount and a
variable component which is dependent on the number of units
sold. He finds that when he sales 10 units on a given day he earns
600shs where as when he doubles his sales his earnings increase by
only 100shs.
Determine
a) Fixed daily earnings
b) Level of commission per unit sold
c) What are the sales man’s earnings if he sales 30 units
d) On a given day, he’s determined to earn 3500shs suppose on the
previous day he had placed orders of 20 units. How many more
must he sale in order to achieve his target
300-20= 280 units
2. Suppose a certain commodity has a linear demanded and supply functions
going through the following points
A. When p= 7500shs q= 1000units,
p=4625 q= 750units
B. When p= 2525shs q= 100units,
p= 1525shs q=200units
Required
i. Obtain the linear functions that go through the points a and b, clearly
explain which is the supply function and which is the demand function.
ii. Explain what is meant by market equilibrium and obtain the same for the
above.
,
b. –demand function
a. – supply function
, 3525

B. –demand function

A. –supply function

=
P=
7500=
4625=

2875= 250
=11.5 =-4000
P=-4000+11.5q
Quadratic Functions
Given that the method /formulae of solving quadratic equations is
obtained as follows,
Step 1. Make unity

Step 2. put the exogenous constant on R.H.S

Step 3. Complete the squares


Step 4. simplify and get the square root
=

=
- Vertex form

is minimum or maximum when

min or max
Example
A farmer has got 200m of fencing wire with which to enclose a
rectangular field. One side of the field can make use of a fence that
already exists. What is the maximum area that can be enclosed.
F(x) max
The revenue function is quadratic in nature. When x=5 R=50 well as
when x=4, R=48. Determine the revenue function.

=0
The monthly Revenue R obtained by selling shoes is a function of the
demand(X) in the market. It is observed as a function of the price(P) per
pair, the monthly revenue and demand are given by the following.
and How does R depend on x?
A manufacturer can sell Q units for the product at a price, p per unit
where as the function of quantity Q demanded in the market. The total
revenue . How does R depend on p?
The supply function of a commodity is a quadratic function and it
passes through points shown below. Derive the supply function.
P 30 40 50

Q 500 3600 6300

……….i
…….ii
……..iii
ii-I
………..iv
iii-ii
…..v
iv-v
Tombe transport limited depreciates its fleet of trucks using a straight
line method. The current account year is coming to an end and the
external auditors are examining the books of accounts. However, they
can not get the complete records concerning a truck which was acquired
3 years ago. Its current book value is shs 18,000,000 while its purchase
cost was shs 42,000,000. this type of truck is usually disposed of after 5
years.
a)Determine the linear function v = a + bt which relates the book value v
and time in years, t.
b)Interpret a and b
c) What is the book value at the end of 2nd year of the truck?
d)Determine the disposal value of the truck
SOLUTION

• ……….2

• =
• ⸫
b)Interpretation of a and b
• a is the purchase price of the truck.

• b is the rate of depreciation of the truck


c) At the end of the second year

•t=2

• The book value of the truck at the end of the second year is shs
26,000,000.
d)Disposal value
• t=5

• The book value after 5 years is shs 2,000,000.


COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONS

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Constant multiple
ii)
• ⸰f=
• ⸰f=
• ⸰f=
• ⸰f=
• ⸰f=
• ⸰f=
iii)

•=
•=
•=
DECOMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

• Example 1
• Given that Decompose

• And +1
• ⸫ if we try to form a composite function from we can form:
Example 2

• Given that. Decompose into

•=(
Transcendental functions
• A transcendental function is a function that can not be expressed (not
expressible) as a finite combination of the algebraic operations of
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising a power, and
extracting a root.
• Therefore, it does not satisfy a polynomial function.
• Examples of transcendental functions include:
• Logarithmic functions
• Exponential functions
• Trigonometric functions
• ie and functions containing them.
INVERSE OF A FUNCTION
• The inverse is denoted by
• Note that

• Given find the inverse of


• Solution
Let the be and

Make the subject of the formular


Continuation of the inverse

Substitute for with and with

=
CONTINUITY AND LIMITS OF A FUNCTION

• If the value of approaches a value, L as approaches then we say that


has a limit, L as tends to .

If 2, find the limitation of


2)+5
2
Example 2
• If . find the limitation of as -3.

Rules of limits
1. Additive rule
=

2. Subtraction rule
=
continuation
• Multiplicative rule
=

Quotient rule
= if the

Constant rule
Domain of a function
• Given . Find the domain of the f(x).
• You equate the denominator =0

• The domain set = { 1}


Constant multiple rule

You might also like