Physical agents in physiotherapy
S.JAYASRI
MPT PAEDIATRICS
INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRO THERAPY
ITS ALSO KNOWN AS ELECTRO PHYSICAL
AGENTS ARE ANY FORMS OF TREATMENT OR ASSESSMENT
CONDUCTED USING AN ELECTRO PHYSICAL AGENT
WHICH CAN BE APPLIED EXTERNALLY TO THE HUMAN
BODY.
TYPES OF CURRENT
LOW FREQUENCY
MEDIUM FREQUENCY
HIGH FREQUENCY
TYPES OF ELECTRO THERAPY
1. TENS ( TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL
NERVE STIMULATION)
USES LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL CURRENTS TO
RELIEVE PAIN
ELECTRODES ARE PALCE ON THE SKIN , SENDING
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES THAT CAN HELP DISRUPT PAIN SIGNALS
TO THE BRAIN.
2. ELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATION
STIMULATES MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS USING
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
OFTEN USED FOR MUSCLE
REHABILITATION,STRENGTHENING, AND IMPROVING
CIRCULATION.
3.INTERFRENTIAL THERAPY
COMBINES TWO MEDIUM FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL
CURRENTS TO PRODUCE A THIRD ,HIGHER FREQUENCY CURREN
USED TO TREAT PAIN ,INFLAMMATION, AND PROMOTE
HEALING.
4.ULTRASOUND THERAPY
IT USES SOUND WAVES TO PROMOTE TISSUE HEALING
AND REDUCE PAIN.
5.WAX THERAPY
IT IS A DEEP HEAT MODALITY
IMPROVES BLOOD CIRCULATION AND REDUCE
PAIN OF JOINTS
6.INTERMITTENT PELVIC TRACTION
IT’S A TYPE OF TRACTION THERAPY THAT ALTERNATES
BETWEEN PERIODS OF TRACTION AND RELAXATION,
7.INTERMITTENT CERVICAL TRACTION
IT IS A TREATMENT THAT INVOLVES A REPEATED
SEQUENCES OF REST AND TRACTION TO TREAT NECK PAIN
8. SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY
IT IS A TREATMENT THAT USES ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES TO TARGET SOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS.
• APPLICATION OF ELECTROTHERAPY
PAIN MANAGEMENT
MUSCLE REHABILITATION
INJURY RECOVERY
EDEMA REDUCTION
CONTRAINDICATION
NOT SUITABLE FOR INDIVIDUALS FOR INDIVIDUAL WITH
PACEMAKER, CERTAIN KIN CONDITION OR DURING PREGANCY
WHERE SHOULD IT NOT BE USED ?
RECENT CUTS OR INJURES
OPEN WOUNDS
RECENT FRACTURE
METAL PLATE FIXATION IN THEIR BODY
SKIN ALLERGY
RECENT SURGERY
• INDICATION AND BENEFITS
WHERE IT SHOULD BE USED ?
ALL NERVE INJURIESS
MUSCLE WEAKNESS (TO ACTIVATE THE MUSCLE )
FACIAL NERVE INJURIES
RELAXING MUSCLE SPASMS
TO IMPROVE BLOOD CIRCULATION
MAINTAINING OR INCREASING RANG EOF MOTION
TO REDUCE ACUTE OR CHRONIC PAIN
EXERCISE THERAPY
IT IS OTHERWISE KNOWN AS A THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
IT IS A TREATMENT PLAN THAT USES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
TO HELP PATIENTS RECOVER FROM INJURIES OR CONDITION, OR
TO MAINTAIN WELL BEING .
EXERCISE THERAPY AIMS TO IMPROVE A PATIENTS A
OVERALL HEALTH HEALTH,FUNCTION AND WELL-BEING .
GOAL OF EXERCISE THERAPY
TO RESTORATION OF MOVEMENT
IMPROVEMENT OF FUNCTION AND STRENGTH
IMPROVEMENT BALANCE AND COORDINATION
PREVENTION AND PROMOTION OF HEALTH ,WELLNESS
AND FITNESS
physical activity refers to the contraction of skeletal muscle that
produces bodily movement and requires energy
It is a physical activity that is planned and is performed with the goal
of attaining or maintaining physical fitness.
TYPES OF EXERCISE
ACTIVE EXERCISE – Its done by a patients itselves
PASSIVE EXERCISE – THE PATIENTS PERFORMS WITH
ASSISTANCE AND IS PROVIDED WHEN A PATIENT CANNOT MOVE
ONE OR MORE PARTS OF THE BODY .
ACTIVE ASSISTIVE - EXERCISES PERFORMED BY THE
PATIENT OR WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF AN EXTERNAL FORCE AS A
THERAPIST.
RESISTIVE EXERCISE – RESISTED EXERCISE IS ANY
EXERCISE THAT USES AN OUTSIDE FORCE TO RESIST MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
• IMPORTANCE OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
• TO IMPROVE AND RESTORE PHYSICAL FUNCTION
• TO ENHANCE A PATIENTS FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY
• TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF FUNCTION
• TO PROMOTE THE HEALTH STATUS AND FITNESS
• TO IMPROVE THE BLOOD CIRCULATION
• TO IMPROVE STRENGTH AND POWER
• PROMOTE RELAXATION
CLASSIFICATION OF EXERCISE
RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE
MUSCLE PERFORMANCE EXERCISE
BALANCE AND COORDINATION EXERCISE
BREATHING EXERCISE
AEROBIC EXERCISE OR FREE EXERCISE
• CONTRAINDICATION AND INDICATION
CHEST PAIN
UNCONTROLLED HIGH OR LOW BLOOD PRESSURE
FEVER
TACHYCARDIA
CARDIAC PACEMAKER
RECENT WOUND AND INJURIES
RECENT FRACTURES
INDICATION
PAIN
MUSCLE WEAKNESS
MUSCLE STIFFNESS
ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE
POOR BALANCE
FAULTY POSTURE
SPECIALITIES OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
PEDIATRIC- THIS FIELD WORK WITH A RANGE OF
CHILDREN ,FROM NEWBORNS TO TEENAGERS. THEY WORK TO
TREAT A VARIETY OF DISORDERS AND CONDITIONS
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SPORTS – ATHLETS WHO HAVE
SUSTAINED AN INJURY MAY BE VERY FAMILIAR WITH THIS
PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY .SPECIALISATION IN SPORTS
MEDICINE WORK TO ALLEVIATE AND HEAL INJURIES .
WOMENS HEALTH – THIS SPECIALTY CAN WORK WITH
THE PELVIC PAIN , POST NATAL ,PRENATALCARE . THEIR MAIN
GOAL IS TO HELP MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE HEALTH
THROUGHOUT A WOMANS LIFESPAN
CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY – THERAPIST CAN
WORK WITH THE HEART HEALTH, AND CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM.
– NEUROLOGY
– NEUROLOGICAL PHYSIOTHERAPIST WORK TO TREAT
CONDITIONS OF THE NERVOUS AND SPINAL SYSTEM
• ORTHOPEDICS
THE SPECIALITY IS ORTHOPEDIC PHYSICAL
THERAPY ,WHICH INVOLVES TREATING CONDITIONS OF
THE BONES ,MUSCLES ,LIGAMENTS ,TENDONS AND
JOINTS
• ONCOLOGY
ONCOLOGY REFERS TO THE STUDY AND TREATMENT
OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER
GERIATRIC
PHYSICAL THERAPIST IN THIS AREA WORK WITH
ELDERLY PATIENTS TO ALLEVIATE PAINFROM ARTHRITIS
OSTEOPOROSIS AND GENERAL JOINT STIFFNESS AND
SORENESS.
