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Transactional Analysis

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15 views15 pages

Transactional Analysis

Uploaded by

sebetem392
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transactional Analysis

Dr. Niharika Gaan

When the relationship is right, details are negotiable


When tension is high, details become obstacles
Concept
• Transactional analysis is a psychoanalytic theory and method of
therapy wherein social interactions (or “transactions”) are
analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator (whether
parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding
behavior.
• Eric Berne
• Examines personality, leadership, communication and decision
making.
• Navigate complexities of human interactions with much empathy
and self-awareness.
• Navigate from maladaptive behaviour (complaining behaviour) to
problem solving behaviour.
Intra-psyche state of an individual
A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics.
The three EGO states
– Parent
• Critical parent
• Sympathetic/Nurturing parent
–Child
• Natural/Free child
• Adapted child
–Adult
• Complementary
• Crossed
• Ulterior
The basic Structure of Human Personality

Parent Taught Concept of Life

Adult Thought/Learnt Concept of Life

Child Felt Concept of life


Three Ego States
• Parent: It consists of recordings of external events observed and experienced by a child
from birth through approximately the first five years of life.
Illustrations:
 Do not gossip. Do not pass on obnoxious statements. Do not be late to the meetings.
 Remember to say “please” and “thank you” in official mail.
 Do not speak to strangers. Remember that you should not question the policy.
• Child: It represents all brain recordings of internal events (feelings or emotions) that are
directly linked to the external events observed by the child during the first five years of
life.
Illustrations
 I feel happy when boss hugs me for my accomplishments.
 I get pleasure when I don’t report office in time or my colleagues are playing tricks with
boss.
 I feel sad for those who are not satisfied with company’s reward practices.
Contd..
• Adult ego state is the period in which a child develops the capacity to
perceive and understand situations that are different from what is observed
(Parent) or felt (Child).
Illustrations:
I see that Mamta’s house was burnt down. Mom was right—I should not
play with matches.
I must look for the reason why 30 percent of the employees are
disengaged.
I must investigate the factors that are responsible for higher attrition rates
and lower production.
Types of Parent and Child Ego State
Nurturing parent ego state reflects the positive influence of caregivers, mentors,
and role models. It encompasses feelings of care, support, and guidance. When
operating from this state, individuals exhibit behaviors such as nurturing, advising,
and protecting.
Critical parent ego state represents the negative influence of authority figures. It
involves the internalization of critical or restrictive messages from parents or other
authority figures. When individuals operate from this state, they tend to be
judgmental, controlling, and critical of themselves and others.
Free child ego state can be creative, spontaneous, playful, and pleasure-seeking.
Adapted child ego state conforms and acts according to others’ wishes to please
them and be seen as good and liked. Still, it also has a rebellious side when faced
with perceived conflict and causes responses of resistance, hostility, and emotional
reactivity.
Types of Transactions- Interpersonal relationship
Ulterior Transactions
• An ulterior transaction is one in which one person communicates with
another for a hidden or unconscious reason or motive. This might be
someone trying to manipulate or control another person or hiding their
true feelings behind a facade.

• Boss may say that I have confidence that you can do this project,
though it will need a lot of due diligence and checking to get it done’
• The subordinate may see this as a challenge and their rebellious child
ego may come to the fore, saying something like ‘I’ll show him that I
can do it without all that checking, just you wait and see!”
Exercise
1) “I can’t get that project completed on time because marketing never gives us the info. They’re just a pain in
the neck!”

2) “Listen…Get Fred to drop that client now and get on with customers who will actually give us business for
a change”

3) “We’ve been affected so badly by COVID that I don’t think we’ll ever be able to get back to how things
were. No company could thrive under these conditions”. Lets move on in finding solutions to it.

4) “So, we’ve covered all the issues we’re facing now and are clear on what challenges we must deal with first.
Let’s discuss who is going to take charge of the short-term issues and then come to a decision on how we
ensure we don’t get into this situation again. Agreed?”

5) “What resources can I provide to help you become more successful? Can I get someone to assist you on the
project, or do you just need more time?”
Solutions
1) This is an example of an adapted child ego state. The blame is being placed on someone else,
without determining what changes need to be done to accomplish the end goals. Until the person
shifts to a more problem-solving and less ‘blame-others’ state, this will be perpetuated for a long
time.
2) This aggressive stance is typical of a critical/controlling parent state. Sometimes it’s
necessary to be dogmatic and tell people what to do, but if it’s the common way a manager
speaks to his or her staff, you run the risk of losing collaboration and only achieving tasks
through power and authority
3) This adapted child state again looks at situations from the ‘helpless’ viewpoint. Straight after
this expression, the person should start looking for solutions that are under their control, instead
of playing the blame game for things they have no influence over
4) This comment shows a high degree of emotional intelligence and is looking for answers and
solutions. It reflects an adult ego state.
5) This shows a helpful and grateful attitude to what their staff member is trying to achieve.
They are also looking for solutions, so they are approaching from a ‘nurturing parent’ state.
Strokes: Positive or negative emotions
INTERNAL: fantasies, self praise, self-consolation and other forms of self stimulation.
EXTERNAL: strokes from others are important for healthy living.
CONDITIONAL: the stroke is for something -“I like the way you are devoted to work,
however it will be admirable if you work in tandem with team”.
UNCONDITIONAL: the stroke is for being you -“I like you” (POSITIVE: “I like the way you
handle any problems” NEGATIVE: “I will appreciate more if you stay late in the office”.)

FILTERED STROKES:“I see you have a new coat” can be changed / filtered to negative or
positive strokes with the person saying to himself “He likes / doesn’t like my coat” The person
maintains his own internal life position by using his filter.
Life scripts
I’m OK — I’m OK —
Attitude toward Oneself

Positive
You’re not OK You’re OK

I’m not OK — I’m not OK —


Negative You’re not OK You’re OK

Negative Positive

Attitude toward Others


Gimmicks&Games-Tricks
• I must appear reasonable Provoking you

• I must Help you Deskill you

• I must be strong Make you feel weak

• I must be perfect Expose your flaws

• I must win Make you fail

• I must please others Threaten disapproval

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