What Is It?
Can You Guess the Hidden
Click on the Picture?
panels to reveal
the picture 1 2 3
behind.
4 5 6
7 8 9
Lesson objectives
• I can name and locate parts of an animal and plant cell.
• I can explain the function of cell organelles.
• I can name those organelles found only in plant cells.
• I can evaluate the similarities and differences between plant and
animal cells.
Cells
Cells are the building blocks of living things.
A cell is the smallest independent unit of a living thing.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke was the first
scientist to discover cells.
In 1665, he used a microscope
and observed cork.
In the cork, he noticed little
rooms, or “cells,” like monks lived
in.
This is how cells were named.
Types of cells
• Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
• Do not have structures
surrounded by membranes
unicellula multicellula
r r
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms,
Bacteria
• Contain organelles.
• surrounded by
membranes.
• Most living organisms
https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/
Cell Theory
As scientists continued to study cells, they realized that:
1 All living things are made of cells.
2 A cell is the smallest unit of life.
3 All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.
Cell Theory
There are even different types of cells.
For example, animal cells and plant cells are different from each
other.
Found in plant cells
Found in both cells
only
permanent
cell
vacuole
membrane chloroplas
cytoplasm t
nucleus cell wall
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Test your previous knowledge
Which cell is a plant cell ?
Which cell is an animal cell ?
Describe the difference in shape between them .
Can you list an organelle which only found in plant cells ?
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills
Nucleus: controls
the cell and where most chemical
the chemical
reactions occur
reactions of the cell
Ribosomes:
where protein
synthesis
occurs
Cell membrane:
controls the
movement of Mitochondria:
substances in respiration reactions
and out of the occur here to release
cell energy
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills
Nucleus: controls
the cell and where most chemical
the chemical
reactions occur
reactions of the cell
Cell membrane:
controls the
Ribosomes: movement of
where protein substances in
synthesis occurs and out of the
cell
Cell wall: helps
to keep the cell Mitochondria:
rigid respiration reactions
Vacuole: occur here to release
contains water/ energy
cell sap to push Chloroplasts: contains
the water to the the pigment chlorophyll,
outside of where photosynthesis
the cell occurs
Cell city
How does a cell function like a city? , think about the sites and sounds
Of a city .
You see people and cars moving around , you see restaurants and lights
Everywhere ..
Cells ( the basic unit of life) can be compared to a city , cells are building
And breaking down material , cells release energy from food and use
This energy to make needed cell parts ..
Cells function to make your body operate like a well run city
Class
discussion
why do we need
each of these
sites?
Post
office hospita
Electricity l
company
Town hall
roads
Recycle lake
Waste
center Restauran
t Town
borders
Structures of organelles
What is the importance of each of these places in the city ?
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Cell Organelles
• Organelle= “little
organ”
• Found only inside
eukaryotic cells
• All the stuff in
between the
organelles is cytosol
• Everything in a cell
except the nucleus
is cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material.
• Where most of the chemical
reactions take place.
Look at the picture carefully , can you see the
difference between cell wall and cell membrane ?
Cell Membrane
• Boundary of the cell
• Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of city
represents the cell
membrane ?
Which organelle has the genetic material
DNA ?
Nucleus
• Control center of
the cell
• Contains DNA
• Surrounded by a
double membrane
• Usually the easiest
organelle to see
under a
microscope
• Usually one per cell
The nucleus
The nucleus
contains:
1. Chromosomes that
are the thread-like
structures containing
the genetic material
(DNA)
2. Proteins (histone).
3. dense spherical
bodies known as
Nucleoli. The nucleoli
consist of RNA and
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of city
represents the
nucleus?
The battery of the cell , Which organelle is this ?
Mitochondria
• “Powerhouse of the
cell”
• Cellular respiration
occurs here to
release energy for
the cell to use
• Bound by a double
membrane.
• Found in both
animal and plant
cells.
The mitochondria
Mitochondria
takes in oxygen
to produce water
and ATP (energy)
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of city
represents the
nucleus?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• A.k.a. “ER”
• Connected to
nuclear membrane
• Highway of the cell
• Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes; it
makes proteins
• Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; it makes
lipids
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
Which part of the boarders
city represents the
endoplasmic
reticulum?
Golgi Apparatus
• Looks like a stack
of plates
• Stores, modifies
and packages
proteins
• Molecules
transported to
and from the
Golgi by means of
vesicles
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of the
city represents the
Golgi apparatus?
Ribosome
• Site of protein
synthesis
Ribosome
• Produced in a part of the
nucleus called the nucleolus
• Found attached to rough ER
or floating free in cytosol
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of the
city represents the
ribosomes?
Cytoskeleton
• Acts as skeleton
and muscle
• Provides shape
and structure
• Helps move
organelles around
the cell
• Made of three
types of filaments
Lysosomes
1. Digest proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates.
2. Engulf and break
down old unfunctional
organelles.
3. Engulf exogenous
substances e.g.
bacteria and degrade
them
Contain digestive enzymes that break
down wastes.
Cell breaks down
if lysosome
explodes
Structures of organelles
State which organelles go with which parts of the city, Give an explanation
that compares the organelles function to the place ..
Recycle/ Electricit
Waste school Post
y
center office
company
Town
hospital roads lake
house
Edge of
city/
boarders
Which part of the
city represents the
lysosomes?
Chloroplast
• Found only in plant
cells
• Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
• Bound by a double
membrane
Site of food
(glucose)
production
Cell Wall
• Found in plant and
bacterial cells
• Rigid, protective
barrier
• Located outside of
the cell membrane
• Made of cellulose
(fiber)
Vacuoles
• Large central vacuole usually in plant
cells
• Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells.
Vacuoles
• Storage container
for water, food,
enzymes, wastes,
pigments, etc.
Centriole
• Aids in cell division
• Usually found only in
animal cells
• Made of microtubules
Where else have we talked
about microtubules?
Cell Parts
• Use the activity sheet to correctly label the parts of a plant and
animal cell.
• Discuss any labels that you are unsure about with your partner.
• You have 15 minutes for this task.
Cell Parts: Can You Guess?
• Each of the cards you have been given describes a cell
organelle.
• In pairs, one person must describe the part of the cell, but
cannot use the words that are stated on the card.
• The other person has to guess what
organelle is being described.
• Swap roles after each part has been
guessed and continue until all cards
have been used.
• Can you do this in under 15 minutes?
