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Lecture 08 - Suspension

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24 views28 pages

Lecture 08 - Suspension

Uploaded by

jehir46869
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BITS Pilani

Lecture Slides
BITS Pilani Sajeeth Kumar M M
Automotive Engineering – WILP
Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

AEL ZC441 Automotive


Vehicles
Lecture No. 08
Learning Objectives
1. List various types of suspensions and their component parts.
2. Explain how coil, leaf, and torsion bar springs work.
3. Describe how suspension components function to allow the
wheel moves up and down and provide for turning.
4. Describe how shock absorbers control spring forces.

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Purpose & Function
1. Handling – How the vehicle behaves with respect to steering
and road inputs
2. Ride Comfort – How the vehicle isolates road disturbances

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Suspension System

Dive
• Car dips to the front when braking

Squat
• Car front lifts while heavy
acceleration

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Caster

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Camber

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Toe

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What do the angles do?
1. Positive Castor provides a self
steering correction
2. When the wheel is turned, a
centripetal force acts on the wheel
3. Force acts at contact patch but lead
point is different ( pivot point )
4. Moment is produced which tries to
correct the steering
5. Physical significance?
6. Negative castor?
7. https://youtu.be/wLbs8kBXgrw

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What do the angles do?
1. Camber determines contact patch
size
2. Ideally we would prefer zero camber
– BUT
3. During cornering the inner wheels
experience DROOP and the outer
wheels are in BUMP
4. Droop causes positive camber,
Bump causes negative camber gain
5. Can reduce contact patch during
cornering
6. Counteracted by dialing a little
negative camber while designing
7. BUT CVs have positive camber
because loading the vehicles causes
the suspension to BUMP

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What do the angles do?
1. Suspension components have some
flex in them
2. Forces acting on the suspension can
move the wheels about
3. Ideally we would like a zero toe, but
depending on the vehicle setup it
might change
4. Usually toe in is dialled as the
wheels are pushed back by the road
resistances
5. Toe is also responsible for steering
response – positive toe produces
quicker response, but can be over
sensitive

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Types of Suspensions

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Terminology
1. Unsprung weight
2. Sprung weight

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Independent suspension
Components
• Spring
• Damper
• Sway bars

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Independent suspension
SPRINGS (COIL SPRINGS)
• absorbs energy/needs dampers to
control it
• Spring stuffiness affect sprung
mass
• Luxury cars - Loosely sprung – for
softer drive
• Sports cars – Tightly sprung – for
more road contact / minimize body
roll

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Independent suspension
HOOKE’S LAW

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Independent suspension
COIL SPRING MOUNTING

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Independent suspension

DAMPER
• Reduce the magnitude by storing
kinetic energy into heat energy
• COMPRESSION CYCLE
• EXTENSION CYCLE

• All hydraulic shock absorbers work


by the principle of converting
kinetic energy (movement) into
thermic energy (heat).

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Independent suspension
STRUT
• Shock absorber inside coil spring
• Damping
• Structural support

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Swaybars / Anti-roll Bar

• During cornering, the sprung mass of


the body will naturally be shifted
towards the outer side of the car -
body roll
• Reducing the contact patch of the
tires. Excessive roll also results in a
car that isn’t as responsive
• Energy from the heavily loaded side
of the suspension will be transferred
through the bar
• Effectively pulling the wheel at the
opposite side of the axle up towards
the body.

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Swaybars / Anti-roll Bar

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Suspension Principles

• Transverse (or side-to-side) wheel


support
• Longitudinal (front-to-back) wheel
support.

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Suspension Principles

• Anti-squat
• Anti-dive.

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Independent Suspension

Type
• Macpherson Strut
• Double Wishbone

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Semi Independent
Suspension
• Wheels can move up and down
independently but the position of
one wheel can affect the other
• Better than non-independent,
cheaper than fully independent
suspensions
• Trailing arm type, Multi-link etc.,
• Used at the rear of most vehicles
to save cost

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Non Independent
Suspension
• Usually used with rigid axles
• Leaf springs plus damper
• Can take very heavy loading,
robust and cheap
• Ride quality suffers when the
spring doesn’t flex enough

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Active Suspension
Systems
• What is the draw back of a conventional suspension?
• Softer setup will help ride quality on bad roads
• Stiff suspension is usually better at higher speeds – better
handling
• Can both be available in the same system?

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Active Suspension
Systems
• Adaptive
suspensions
• Spring rates
and damping
control
• Uses air bellows
instead of
traditional
springs
• Damping force
controlled by
valving

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